Historic cities are of special importance to all researchers; this is especially so when one considers that which is claimed to be the oldest city known in history, the city of Makkah. Makkah has represented the civilisation of its community throughout the ages, but. now we find that for economic or socio-cultural reasons, the city is facing considerable problems which could destroy its cultural value for future generations. This research has been prepared with a view to studying the housing situation in the old city of Makkah. An awareness of the types of problems and their effects on the urban pattern have led to the recommendation of appropriate measures of control. For this purpose, a large survey was carried out on 415 buildings and then analyzed using a computer. Three case studies were also discussed in detail. The main points considered in this research cover the problems of high vacancy rate around the Holy Mosque, the condition of the types of residential buildings, annual and Hajj rent values, the effect of Hajj on housing and the building design and the condition of the infrastructure services. Finally, this research looks at the housing issue in general, with regard to accommodation for the residents and pilgrims.