In this essay, I aim to give an account on the ethical dilemmas that archaeologists may come across in their work. I will give an insight into controversies and cases over the last years and study the reason as to how they appeared and how they were ultimately solved, and the process between those situations. The main focus will be on artefacts and debates regarding the indigenous Sami population I Sweden and Norway. Even though human remains has been a hot topic for debate among scholars and activists over the last years, I will keep my focus on artifacts and man made objects. One of the aspects studied in this essay will be the guidelines, declarations and policies that may apply to such questions and what help they can offer archaeologist and decisionmakers when approached by demands of repatriation. Furthermore, I will give an insight into the very complex history between Swedish and Norwegian archaeologists and the Sami and how this has impacted the situation today, regarding repatriations and ethical problems. Since the focus is on Sami people and archaeologists in both Sweden and Norway, I aim to look further into the differences and similarities one can find in cases of repatriation of Sami artifacts in both countries.