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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Intention Detection and Arm Kinematic Control in Soft Robotic Medical Assistive Device

Papastathis, Ioannis January 2015 (has links)
Aging in humans is often associated with reduced muscle strength and difficulty in elevating the arm and sustaining it at a certain position. The aim of this master thesis is to propose a number of technical solutions integrated into a complete electronic system which can be used to support the user's muscle capacity and partially resist gravitational load. An electronic system consisting of sensors, a control unit and an actuator has been developed. The system is able to detect the user's motion intention based on an angle detection algorithm and perform kinematic control over the user's arm by adjusting the level of support at different degrees of elevation. A force control algorithm has been developed for controlling the actuating mechanism, providing the user with a natural and intuitive support during arm elevation. The implemented system is a first step towards the development of a medical assistive device for the elderly or patients with reduced muscle strength allowing them to independently perform a number of personal activities of daily life where active participation of the upper limb is required.
2

Réorganisations sensorimotrices fonctionnelles du geste d'atteinte en situation de micropesanteur réelle et simulée / Functional sensorimotor reorganizations of reaching movements in real and simulated microgravity

Macaluso, Thomas 18 December 2017 (has links)
L’impact de la micropesanteur sur le comportement moteur humain représente une question fondamentale alors même que ce contexte environnemental constitue le quotidien d’hommes et de femmes astronautes durant leurs missions spatiales. En compensant le poids du corps (condition de flottabilité neutre), des méthodes d’entraînement en environnement subaquatique tentent de simuler les conditions d’allégement vécues par ces astronautes. Cependant, du point de vue du contrôle moteur, ces méthodes d’entraînement ne bénéficient d’aucune validité scientifique. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif d’identifier et de comprendre les stratégies de contrôle du mouvement humain mises en oeuvre en micropesanteur réelle et simulée afin d’assurer une interaction désirée avec l’environnement. Nous avons réalisé trois expérimentations visant à étudier la réalisation de geste d’atteinte à la fois en environnement subaquatique (Exp.1) et lors de deux campagnes de vols paraboliques (Exp.2 et 3). Globalement, nos travaux mettent en exergue le fait qu’un contrôle fin de la flottabilité neutre en immersion améliore la qualité de la simulation de la micropesanteur en environnement subaquatique, optimisant ainsi l’entraînement des astronautes avant leurs missions spatiales. Plus intéressant encore, nos études en micropesanteur réelle suggèrent que l’Homme est capable d’anticiper les effets de l’absence de la gravité sur ses segments corporels lui permettant de gérer avec succès les contraintes spatiotemporelles de ses mouvements volontaires tout en conservant une flexibilité sensorimotrice adéquate dans cet environnement inhabituel. / The impact of microgravity on human motor behavior represents a fundamental issue while this environmental context constitutes the daily life of men and women astronauts during their space missions. By compensating the body weight (neutral buoyancy condition), underwater training methods attempt to simulate weightlessness as experienced by astronauts in space. However, in the field of motor control, these training methods have not been scientifically validated. This doctoral dissertation aims at identifying and understanding the human motor control strategies in real and simulated microgravity to ensure a desired interaction with the environment. We performed three experiments aiming at investigating reaching movements both underwater (Exp.1) and during two parabolic flight campaigns (Exp.2 and 3). Overall, our results highlight that a fine control of neutral buoyancy underwater may improve the quality of the simulation of microgravity environments, thus optimizing astronauts’ training before their space missions. More interestingly, our studies in real microgravity suggest that humans are able to anticipate the effects of gravity release on their moving limbs allowing them to successfully manage spatiotemporal constraints of voluntary movements while preserving sensorimotor flexibility in this unusual environment.

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