L’entreprise IBM a lancé en 2014 un projet de recherche pour introduire de l’intelligence, c’est-à-dire des capteurs, dans des modules micro-électroniques. Le projet vise l’amélioration, à partir des données des capteurs, des procédés d’assemblage de puce qui serviront dans des serveurs pour du calcul haute performance ou les télécommunications.Mon projet consiste à concevoir, caractériser, puis intégrer 109 micro-capteurs, de dimensions 1 x 100 x 100 µm3, de température, humidité et contrainte sur une puce électronique de 2 x 2 cm2. L’objectif est d’obtenir en temps réel la répartition de l’humidité, la température et la contrainte dans l’assemblage, en environnement sévère.Les capteurs à base de nanotubes de carbone réalisés sont très sensibles à l’humidité et la température, avec par exemple une variation de 50% de la grandeur de sortie du capteur pour une variation de -40 à 140 °C. J’ai proposé une méthode novatrice à partir des propriétés de l’impédance du capteur permettant la séparation de la réponse à la température de celle à l’humidité. / IBM is combining forces with the Université de Sherbrooke to introduce intelligency, which are sensors, in microelectronics module. The project is to make the assembly process of a chip more robust thanks to the sensor data. These microelectronics module are used in high-performance computing servers or telecommunications. The objectives are to design, characterize and embed 109 micro-sensors, having dimensions below 1 x 100 x 100 µm3. These micro-sensors will be on chip and measure temperature, moisture and strain. Thus these micro-sensors will give the spatial distribution of temperature, moisture and strain into the microelectronics module in severe environments. The carbon nanotube-based sensor realized are very sensitive to moisture and temperature, as example the output quantity value of the sensors is reduced by 50 per cent with a temperature excursions from -40 to 140 ℃. I developed a novel method to separate the temperature response from the moisture one, using the impedance properties of the sensor.

Orientador: Amauri Lopes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T06:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Krummenauer_Rafael_M.pdf: 1711180 bytes, checksum: e9aa73aac9d705c24c2bec02b202f76e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta dissertação trata do problema de estimação de direção de chegada (DOA) de ondas planas usando um arranjo linear uniforme de sensores. Estamos interessados em situações nas quais a relação sinal-ruido 'e baixa e o espaçamento angular entre as fontes de sinal 'e pequeno. Baseamos nossa proposta nos m'etodos MODE, MODEX e MODEX Modificado, que sao metodos eficientes existentes na literatura. Inspirados em conceitos de filtragem linear e no criterio da maxima verossimilhança, propomos um procedimento que ameniza o efeito do ruido no resultado da estimação. Este procedimento consiste em filtrar os dados recebidos e modificar adequadamente a função de verossimilhan¸ca utilizada no processo de obtenção das estimativas. Simulações numericas mostram que o desempenho do metodo proposto 'e melhor que aqueles correspondentes aos m'etodos MODE, MODEX e MODEX Modificado, alcançando menores valores de erro quadratico medio e de polarização / Abstract: This work deals with the problem of estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) of plane waves using a uniform linear array of sensors. We are concerned with situations where the signal-to-noise ratio is low and the signal sources are spatially close. Our proposal is based on MODE, MODEX and Modified MODEX, that are efficient methods proposed in the literature. Inspired in concepts of linear filtering and in the maximum likelihood criterion, we propose a procedure that reduces the effect of noise in the estimation result. This procedure consists on filtering the received data and on modifying the likelihood function used to obtain the estimates. Numerical simulations show that the performance of the proposed method is better than those of MODE, MODEX and Modified MODEX methods, achieving lower mean square error and lower bias / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

The main task of the Master Thesis is to project a device to measure surface temperature distribution by matrix of diodes. The maeasuring device is designed for usage at places where other thermal map scanning measuring methods (e.g. thermocamera) can not be used. The key objective was to design an appropriate measuring method for selected type of sensor. This method should ensure the most effective detection of the changing value, translate received values to the digital form and send it to the computer. All circuits were powered over USB (Universal Serial Bus) together with the signalling. Calibration was needed due to different sensors technical parameters. The calibration was realized on the software level and displayed with the thermal map scanning on the computer. The final project has the form of the measuring installation with 256 sensors on 8x8 cm area.