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Cette recherche propose une étude sur les affiches politiques américaines produites durant la guerre du Vietnam, plus particulièrement sur l'œuvre du Art Worker's coalition, Q. And babies? A. And babies, une affiche/photomontage qui a servi le mouvement de protestation contre la guerre. Représentant les résultats de l'offensive de l'armée américaine, dans le village de My Lai, où les soldats américains s'engagent dans une tuerie de plus de 300 villageois dont des femmes et des enfants, l'affiche Q. And babies? A. And babies établit des liens avec les débats sociopolitiques des années soixante. À cette époque, aux États-Unis, la contestation contre la guerre du Vietnam touche l'ensemble des tranches de la société : les vétérans de la guerre, les membres de la communauté afro-américaine, les étudiants, les travailleurs et les artistes. Les débats sociaux, dont la lutte pour les droits civiques et l'émergence de la contre-culture ont également un impact sur le mouvement de protestation. Pour une des premières fois dans l'histoire, des membres de la jeune génération deviennent les catalyseurs des changements sociaux et politiques. Les reportages à la télévision (la guerre du Vietnam étant le premier conflit diffusé à l'aide de la télévision) et dans les journaux, remettent en cause la légitimité du conflit et le peuple américain questionne le comportement des soldats. Le monde de l'art participe également à cette contestation, en particulier le Art Worker's Coalition, une organisation regroupant des artistes, des critiques et des historiens de l'art. Dans les années soixante, l'activisme politique dans le travail de l'artiste n'est pas nouveau, mais il prend de l'ampleur avec l'avènement des nouveaux paradigmes esthétiques comme la performance et le happening et avec l'utilisation des médias de masse comme la photographie et l'affiche. L'affiche politique américaine, dans les années soixante, marque une rupture avec le passé, d'une part, dans sa technique avec l'abandon du dessin au profit de la photographie et, d'autre part, dans son contenu, où les symboles populaires américains sont transformés en symboles de dérision. Les affiches rompent avec l'iconographie traditionnelle et utilisent un vocabulaire formel nouveau. Les artistes ont participé de façon consciente, à l'aide du médium de l'affiche, à la protestation contre la guerre du Vietnam et ont ainsi participé aux nombreux débats durant les années soixante aux États-Unis. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Affiche politique, Art worker's coalition, guerre du Vietnam, activisme politique, médias de masse, Q. And babies? A. And babies.

What do art workers, nuns and care workers have in common? How can these commonalities be conceptualised from the perspective of feminist Marxism? How would such conceptualisation open up intersectional and transversal perspectives for social movements struggling against precariousness? Departing from an auto-ethnographic account on activist experiences originating from the art workers’ movement in Tallinn, this thesis aims to theorise the intersection of precarious labour and gender. By using the thinking technology of diffractive reading, it places the debates around unwaged labour within art and care sector into the context of autonomist Marxist thinking. Furthermore, affinities and entanglements between feminist politics and the struggles of precarious workers are configured and imagined, in order to interlink and converge spatially and temporally isolated resistive practices that are constructed from the experience of unwaged and precarious workers.

Aboriginal arts practices in the southeast of Australia have, since the early years of colonisation, been rarely considered within the realm of authentic Aboriginal arts practices. Such attitudes were a reflection of the colonial encounter and associated attempts to assimilate the Aboriginal population with the White. This thesis explores Aboriginal arts practices and asserts that there has always been Aboriginal art in the southeast and that, despite the overwhelming effects of colonisation, the work of Aboriginal artists provides a distinct and definite counter-history to that endorsed by the dominant culture. Using published historical and contemporary accounts and recent interviews from Aboriginal artists and arts workers, this thesis investigates the continuation of the knowledge and practice of southeast Australian Aboriginal art and its connection to culture, identity and wellbeing. It explores the corresponding adaptations and changes to these practices as Aboriginal people contended with the ever-expanding European occupation of the region from 1834 onwards. / This project adopted a collaborative research methodology, where members of the Aboriginal arts community were consulted throughout the project in order to develop a study which had meaning and value for them. The collaborative approach combined an analysis of historical data along with the stories collected from participants. By privileging the Aboriginal voice as legitimate primary source material, alternative ways of exploring the history of Aboriginal art were possible. Although the story of Aboriginal art in the southeast is also one of tensions and paradoxes, where changes in arts practices frequently positioned art, like the people themselves, outside the domain of the ‘real’, the findings of this project emphasise that arts practices assist people with connecting and in some cases reconnecting with their communities. Aboriginal art in the southeast is an assertion of identity and wellbeing and reflects the dynamic nature of Aboriginal culture in southeast Australia.

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This thesis examines the relationship between the three artists' workshops Røde Mor (Red Mother), Folkets Ateljé (The People's Studio) and GRAS, who worked between 1968 and 1975 in Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Røde Mor was from the outset an articulated Communist graphic workshop loosely organised around collective exhibitions. It developed into a highly productive and professionalised group of artists that made posters by commission for political and social movements. Its artists developed a familiar and popular artistic language characterised by imaginative realism and socialist imagery. Folkets Ateljé, which has never been studied before, was a close knit underground group which created quick and immediate responses to concurrent political issues. This group was founded on the example of Atelier Populaire in France and is strongly related to its practices. Within this comparative study it is the group that comes closest to collective practises around 1968 outside Scandinavia, namely the democratic assembly. The silkscreen workshop GRAS stemmed from the idea of economic and artistic freedom, although socially motivated and politically involved, the group never implemented any doctrine for participation. The aim of this transnational study is to reveal common denominators to the three groups' poster art as it was produced in connection with a Scandinavian experience of 1968. By ‘1968' it is meant the period from the late 1960s till the end of the 1970s. It examines the socio-political conditions under which the groups flourished and shows how these groups operated in conjunction with the political environment of 1968. The thesis explores the relationship between political movements and the collective art making process as it appeared in Scandinavia. To present a comprehensible picture of the impact of 1968 on these groups, their artworks, manifestos, and activities outside of the collective space have been discussed. The argument has presented itself that even though these groups had very similar ideological stances, their posters and techniques differ. This has impacted the artists involved to different degrees, yet made it possible to express the same political goals. It is suggested to be linked with the Scandinavian social democracies and common experience of the radicalisation that took place mostly in the aftermath of 1968 proper. By comparing these three groups' it has been uncovered that even with the same socio-political circumstances and ideological stance divergent styles did develop to embrace these issue.