This study is intended to investigate the artificial environment conditions that would favor the most effective propagation of the African night crawler.

<p>Saproxylic species living in old hollow trees have low dispersal rate. Many of the species are threatened since their micro habitats are rare. To prevent some of these species from going extinct their habitats have to have the right management. In some areas artificial environment could be a solution. The aim of this study was to investigate if the insects that are dependent on tree cavities with wood mould would colonize an artificially created habitat: large wooden boxes filled with artificial wood mould placed on tree trunks. The boxes were filled with substrates like oak saw dust, oak leaves, dead hens, hen excrements, medicago (Medicago falcata flour) or potatoes. Over three years, 136 species and 10 380 specimens were caught in 47 boxes. The groups classified as specialists were in general statistically significant more often than groups classified as generalists. Dead hen was the substrate with the highest number of species, although differences were small. In conclusion, a large number of species, including red listed ones and saproxylic specialists used the boxes. A dead hen in the box gave some extra species and 1800 meters was too long for some of the species to disperse. Hence, the prospects for using artificial environments are good especially to reduce habitat availability gaps in time and space.</p>

Saproxylic species living in old hollow trees have low dispersal rate. Many of the species are threatened since their micro habitats are rare. To prevent some of these species from going extinct their habitats have to have the right management. In some areas artificial environment could be a solution. The aim of this study was to investigate if the insects that are dependent on tree cavities with wood mould would colonize an artificially created habitat: large wooden boxes filled with artificial wood mould placed on tree trunks. The boxes were filled with substrates like oak saw dust, oak leaves, dead hens, hen excrements, medicago (Medicago falcata flour) or potatoes. Over three years, 136 species and 10 380 specimens were caught in 47 boxes. The groups classified as specialists were in general statistically significant more often than groups classified as generalists. Dead hen was the substrate with the highest number of species, although differences were small. In conclusion, a large number of species, including red listed ones and saproxylic specialists used the boxes. A dead hen in the box gave some extra species and 1800 meters was too long for some of the species to disperse. Hence, the prospects for using artificial environments are good especially to reduce habitat availability gaps in time and space.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-15T13:35:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 André Felipe Soares de Arruda.pdf: 1635122 bytes, checksum: 792e152ea6e6e4df6a236b964c1cb2ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-15T13:35:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 André Felipe Soares de Arruda.pdf: 1635122 bytes, checksum: 792e152ea6e6e4df6a236b964c1cb2ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / Fundação São Paulo - FUNDASP / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present study aims to analyze if the protection of the artificial environment is enough to guarantee the constitutional right to housing. In the first chapter were brought the definitions of space and urban space, from concepts of human geography. In the second chapter the main elements that characterize the city and the right to the city were presented, through a brief history from the first cities to the modern and postmodern cities, besides exposing the main rules of urban law. In the third chapter the environment and the artificial environment were studied for the configuration of the city as very diffuse. In the fourth chapter the intrinsic relation between the right to housing and the social function of urban property was evidenced. In the fifth and final chapter, the focus was given to the urban population and to the increase of precarious settlements, especially in large metropolises. The methodological option was for studies and analyzes of literature review, relevant legislation and doctrine. The main theoretical references were the geographers Milton Santos and David Harvey, the jurist José Afonso da Silva and the sociologist Henry Lefebvre. The conclusions are that, although there are good instruments of urban policy, they are little applied. In this way, only a paradigm shift of the tutelage of cities, today driven by the logic of the capitalist economic system, will allow effective access to decent housing / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar se a tutela do meio ambiente artificial é suficiente para garantir o direito constitucional à moradia. No primeiro capítulo foram trazidas as definições de espaço e de espaço urbano, a partir de conceitos da geografia humana. No segundo capítulo apresentaram-se os principais elementos que caracterizam a cidade e o direito à cidade, através de um breve histórico desde as primeiras cidades até as cidades modernas e pós-modernas, além de expor os principais regramentos do direito urbanístico. No terceiro capítulo o meio ambiente e o meio ambiente artificial foram estudados para a configuração da cidade como bem difuso. No quarto capítulo evidenciou-se a relação intrínseca entre o direito à moradia e a função social da propriedade urbana. No quinto e último capítulo foi dado enfoque à população urbana e ao aumento dos assentamentos precários, principalmente nas grandes metrópoles. A opção metodológica foi por estudos e análises de resenha de literatura específica, legislação pertinente e doutrina. Os principais referenciais teóricos foram os geógrafos Milton Santos e David Harvey, o jurista José Afonso da Silva e o sociólogo Henry Lefebvre. As conclusões são que, ainda que existam bons instrumentos de política urbana, os mesmos são pouco aplicados. Desta forma, somente uma mudança de paradigma da tutela das cidades, hoje conduzida pela lógica do sistema econômico capitalista, permitirá o efetivo acesso à moradia digna