This document is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree: Masters in Architecture [Professional] at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2016 / This document is subitted in partial fulfillment for the degree: Masters in Architecture [Professional] At the University of Witwatisrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, in the year 2015 / This thesis is an attempt to ascertain that the identity of a culture is largely dependent on how that culture is represented. The identity and culture of the Indian people of Johannesburg is the primary focus of this dissertation. The methods of representing this identity and culture are likened to a spectacle, the concept of which is greatly explored theoretically and thereafter, translated architecturally. This was achieved by exploring the idea of the spectacle in relation to experience. It further explores the definitions of spectacle and experience in an attempt to answer the real question of how to create a spectacle of experience through the use of architecture in order to educate and facilitate social cohesion by creating a cultural centre which encourages people of all races and creeds to participate, focusing on the Indian culture. In order to create a program to suit the idea of cohesion, this dissertation investigated the theory of memory in architecture. Memory of place and people are intrinsic to understanding th importance of the Indian people of Johannesburg and why such a facility is of importance to the Indian people but also to other races and creeds. This dissertation further wishes to highlight the importance of cultural preservation in South Africa. Whilst this project focuses on bringing a community closer through a facility that houses programme and activities indigenous to Indian South African people, the concept should be transferred to all other cultures. The architectural role is to allow space and place that allows for the transfer of knowledge and community. / EM2017

Thesis (MTech. degree in Architecture (Professional))--Tshwane University of Technology, 2011. / Probably one of the strongest common threads running through the multi-cultural society of South Africa is its passion and love for the public performing arts. The thesis therefore encompasses the design of a Performing Arts Centre in Pretoria. The intention is to use the building and surrounding urban space to promote performing arts activities, where they can be taught, refined and performed. The intent is to provide a building which will not only house the performing arts, but also engage the urban place as a public performance stage.

The concepts "capital building" and 'Institutionalisation" are analysed and applied to community arts centres as instruments for socio-economic development (SED) in South Africa. Theories of neo-classicism, Marxism, development economics and socio-economic development show that building physical, financial, human, social and cultural capital in a complementary configuration is crucial to sustainable socio-economic development. The concept "capital building for SED" is formulated in this regard. New institutional economics and critical extensions of this theory show that institutions play a key role in capital building for SED, as they entail embeddedness, normativity, e-ntreprcneurship, partnership, structure and complementarity. The arts sector contributes considerably to capital building for SED, in particular arts centres in marginalized communities in the UK, USA and South Africa. Community arts centres built political, cultural and human capital in black townships during the South African democratic struggle (1950-92). In accordance with proposals from the arts sector, the post-1994 South African government developed 42 arts centres. However, the contribution of most old and new centres to socio-economic development appears to be insignificant and few are sustainable. The causes of failure are difficult to explain due to lack of information and theory. Through the application of a theoretical framework to the South African arts sector and three case studies the hypothesis is tested that community arts centres can contribute considerably to capital building for SED if they are appropriately institutionalised, while an appropriate focus on capital building for SED results in stronger institutions. An analysis of arts sector shows that strong institutions achieve high returns on investments in capital building, but that few benefit the poor. The application of an analytical matrix consisting of indicators of the above-mentioned five types of capital and six institutional components, shows significant positive correlations between the levels of inslitutionalisation and capital building for SED in the Community Arts Project, the Katlehong Art Centre and ArtsforAIl. The findings result in recommendations on policy and practice of community arts centre development in South Africa. / Development studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)

The concepts "capital building" and 'Institutionalisation" are analysed and applied to community arts centres as instruments for socio-economic development (SED) in South Africa. Theories of neo-classicism, Marxism, development economics and socio-economic development show that building physical, financial, human, social and cultural capital in a complementary configuration is crucial to sustainable socio-economic development. The concept "capital building for SED" is formulated in this regard. New institutional economics and critical extensions of this theory show that institutions play a key role in capital building for SED, as they entail embeddedness, normativity, e-ntreprcneurship, partnership, structure and complementarity. The arts sector contributes considerably to capital building for SED, in particular arts centres in marginalized communities in the UK, USA and South Africa. Community arts centres built political, cultural and human capital in black townships during the South African democratic struggle (1950-92). In accordance with proposals from the arts sector, the post-1994 South African government developed 42 arts centres. However, the contribution of most old and new centres to socio-economic development appears to be insignificant and few are sustainable. The causes of failure are difficult to explain due to lack of information and theory. Through the application of a theoretical framework to the South African arts sector and three case studies the hypothesis is tested that community arts centres can contribute considerably to capital building for SED if they are appropriately institutionalised, while an appropriate focus on capital building for SED results in stronger institutions. An analysis of arts sector shows that strong institutions achieve high returns on investments in capital building, but that few benefit the poor. The application of an analytical matrix consisting of indicators of the above-mentioned five types of capital and six institutional components, shows significant positive correlations between the levels of inslitutionalisation and capital building for SED in the Community Arts Project, the Katlehong Art Centre and ArtsforAIl. The findings result in recommendations on policy and practice of community arts centre development in South Africa. / Development studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)