Lee, Kit Lin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-105). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 撮要 --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Table of contents --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.x / List of Figures --- p.xi / List of Abbreviations --- p.xiii / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Literature Review --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- History of Botanical Studies in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Plant Species Named after Hong Kong --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Botanical Background of Asarum Plants --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Plant Species under the Family of Aristolochiaceae --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Herba Asari --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Classification of Asarum hongkongense --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Growing Habitat of Asarum hongkongense --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- Medicinal Properties of Asari --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4 --- Chemical Constituents of Asari --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5 --- Aristolochic acid and Health Issues --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Aristolochic Acid Intoxication --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Description of Aristolochic Acid --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Toxicities of Aristolochic Acid --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5.4 --- Aristolochic Acid-Containing Plants --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5.5 --- Control of Aristolochic Acid-Containing Products --- p.17 / Chapter 1.5.6 --- Control of Aristolochic Acid-Containing Products in Hong Kong --- p.18 / Chapter 1.6 --- Objectives of Study --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Macroscopic Features of Asarum hongkongense --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2 --- Plant Material --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Asarum hongkongense --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Herba Asari --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3 --- Macroscopic Characteristics of Aarum hongkongense --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Leaf --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Root and Rhizome --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Flower --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4 --- Macroscopic Characteristics of Herba Asari heterotropoidis (Liaoxixin) --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Leaf --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Root and Rhizome --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Flower --- p.34 / Chapter 2.5 --- Discussion --- p.36 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Microscopic Features of Asarum hongkongense --- p.38 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2 --- Plant Materials --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3 --- "Chemical,Reagents and Instrumentation" --- p.39 / Chapter 3.4 --- Methods --- p.39 / Chapter 3.5 --- Microscopic Characteristics of Asarum hongkongense --- p.40 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Transverse Section of Leaf --- p.40 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Surface View of Leaf --- p.40 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Transverse Section of Root --- p.43 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Transverse Section of Rhizome --- p.43 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Powder --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5.5.1 --- Pollens --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5.5.2 --- Vessels --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5.5.3 --- Starch Grains --- p.47 / Chapter 3.6 --- Microscopic Characteristics of Herba Asari heterotropoidis (Liaoxixin) --- p.49 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Transverse Section of Leaf --- p.49 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Surface View of Leaf --- p.49 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Transverse Section of Root --- p.53 / Chapter 3.6.4 --- Transverse Section of Rhizome --- p.53 / Chapter 3.6.5 --- Powder --- p.56 / Chapter 3.6.5.1 --- Starch Grains --- p.56 / Chapter 3.6.5.2 --- Vessels --- p.56 / Chapter 3.7 --- Discussion --- p.58 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Molecular DNA Sequencing of Asarum hongkongense --- p.61 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.61 / Chapter 4.2 --- Sample Preparation --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3 --- Method --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Extraction of Total DNA --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- PCR Amplification of ITS1 and ITS2 Regions of rRNA Gene --- p.65 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Purification of PCR Products --- p.65 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Sequencing of ITS Regions --- p.66 / Chapter 4.3.4.1 --- Cycle Sequencing Reaction --- p.66 / Chapter 4.3.4.2 --- Purification of Sequencing Extension Products --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3.4.3 --- Electrophoresis by Genetic Analyzer --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3.4.4 --- Sequence Analysis and Alignment --- p.67 / Chapter 4.4 --- Results and Discussion --- p.68 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Extraction of Total DNA --- p.68 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- PCR Amplification of ITS1 and ITS2 Regions of rRNA Gene --- p.68 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Sequence Analyses --- p.68 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Determination of Aristolochic Acid of Asarum hongkongense --- p.80 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.80 / Chapter 5.2 --- Sample Preparation --- p.81 / Chapter 5.3 --- Standard Preparation --- p.81 / Chapter 5.4 --- Experimental --- p.83 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Chemical and Reagents --- p.83 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Methods --- p.83 / Chapter 5.4.2.1 --- High-Performance Liquid Chromatography --- p.83 / Chapter 5.4.2.2 --- Mass Spectrometry --- p.85 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Other Instrumentation --- p.85 / Chapter 5.5 --- Method Validation --- p.85 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Calibration --- p.85 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Precision --- p.87 / Chapter 5.5.3 --- Recovery Test --- p.88 / Chapter 5.5.4 --- Limit of Detection --- p.89 / Chapter 5.6 --- Results and Discussion --- p.90 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Conclusion --- p.92 / References --- p.94