Purpose: Little is known about the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in ethnic populations with cancer living in Canada. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of TCM/CAM use in newly diagnosed Chinese cancer patients who were starting cancer treatments. <p>Patients and Methods: A consecutive sample of newly diagnosed Chinese cancer patients treated at the British Columbia Cancer Agency over a four month period was surveyed. During admission, the study questionnaire was distributed along with other registration forms and anonymously returned in well-labeled boxes. A bilingual Chinese interpreter was available to answer any questions potential participants might have had. The 15-item questionnaire focused on TCM/CAM use, socio-demographics, and medical and cultural factors. <p>Results: Ninety-one patients completed the questionnaire. The majority of respondents (90%) were born outside of Canada and 64% completed the questionnaire in Chinese. TCM/CAM was used by 44% of respondents. Herbal remedies, vitamins/minerals, and prayer were the most commonly used therapies. In the bivariate analysis, factors predicting TCM/CAM use were prior TCM/CAM use (p < 0.001), having received chemo/radiotherapy (p = 0.021), female sex (p = 0.015), immigrant status (p = 0.040), and reporting a non-official language most frequently used at home (p = 0.018). Following multivariate analysis, it was found that prior CAM use (p < 0.001), lower income (p = 0.043), and immigrant status (p = 0.030) were associated with TCM/CAM use. <p>Conclusion: TCM/CAM use in newly diagnosed Chinese cancer patients is very common and results are comparable to previous studies in other populations. Healthcare practitioners must become aware of the widespread use of CAM and engage discussions about CAM use with their patients, especially those of a specific ethno-cultural group who may be less acculturated to Western society.

Purpose: Little is known about the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in ethnic populations with cancer living in Canada. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of TCM/CAM use in newly diagnosed Chinese cancer patients who were starting cancer treatments. <p>Patients and Methods: A consecutive sample of newly diagnosed Chinese cancer patients treated at the British Columbia Cancer Agency over a four month period was surveyed. During admission, the study questionnaire was distributed along with other registration forms and anonymously returned in well-labeled boxes. A bilingual Chinese interpreter was available to answer any questions potential participants might have had. The 15-item questionnaire focused on TCM/CAM use, socio-demographics, and medical and cultural factors. <p>Results: Ninety-one patients completed the questionnaire. The majority of respondents (90%) were born outside of Canada and 64% completed the questionnaire in Chinese. TCM/CAM was used by 44% of respondents. Herbal remedies, vitamins/minerals, and prayer were the most commonly used therapies. In the bivariate analysis, factors predicting TCM/CAM use were prior TCM/CAM use (p < 0.001), having received chemo/radiotherapy (p = 0.021), female sex (p = 0.015), immigrant status (p = 0.040), and reporting a non-official language most frequently used at home (p = 0.018). Following multivariate analysis, it was found that prior CAM use (p < 0.001), lower income (p = 0.043), and immigrant status (p = 0.030) were associated with TCM/CAM use. <p>Conclusion: TCM/CAM use in newly diagnosed Chinese cancer patients is very common and results are comparable to previous studies in other populations. Healthcare practitioners must become aware of the widespread use of CAM and engage discussions about CAM use with their patients, especially those of a specific ethno-cultural group who may be less acculturated to Western society.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-92).

Yuen, Wing Ki. / "June 2008." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-58). / Abstracts in English and Chinese, some text in appendix also in Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.2 / Abstract --- p.3 / Table of Contents --- p.5 / List of Tables --- p.8 / List of Figures --- p.9 / CHAPTER / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.11 / Purpose of the Study --- p.12 / Hypotheses --- p.12 / Chapter 2. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.13 / Chapter 3. --- METHODS --- p.17 / Study population --- p.17 / Aerobic Capacity of Apparently Healthy Hong Kong Population --- p.17 / Mr Os and Ms Os --- p.18 / Recruitment of subjects --- p.19 / Chapter (a) --- Relationship between age and vBMD for the Chinese population using pQCT --- p.19 / Chapter (b) --- Risk factors for vBMD in peripheral sites --- p.20 / Chapter (c) --- Performance of pQCT and DXA on fracture discrimination --- p.20 / Subject inclusion and exclusion criteria --- p.21 / Interview and questionnaire --- p.21 / Anthropometric measurements --- p.22 / Overall health and medication --- p.22 / Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption --- p.23 / Grip strength --- p.23 / Physical activity --- p.23 / Walking speed --- p.23 / Assessment of fracture case --- p.24 / Incident fracture --- p.24 / Bone Mineral Measurements --- p.24 / pQCT measurement --- p.24 / DXA measurement --- p.25 / Statistical Analysis --- p.26 / Chapter 4. --- RESULTS --- p.27 / Chapter (a) --- Relationship between age and vBMD for the Chinese population using pQCT --- p.27 / Chapter (b) --- Risk factors for vBMD in peripheral sites --- p.29 / Lifestyle factors --- p.29 / Medical history and medications --- p.30 / Fracture history --- p.30 / Multivariate model --- p.30 / Chapter (c) --- Performance of pQCT and DXA on fracture discrimination --- p.31 / Chapter 5. --- DISCUSSION --- p.33 / Relationship between age and vBMD for the Chinese population using pQCT --- p.33 / Risk factors for vBMD in peripheral sites --- p.36 / Performance of pQCT and DXA on fracture discrimination --- p.39 / Limitations --- p.42 / Conclusion --- p.42 / Reference --- p.44 / Appendix --- p.84 / Chapter A) --- Informed Consent Form --- p.84 / Chapter B) --- Medical Record Consent Form --- p.86 / Chapter C) --- MrOs/ MsOs baseline Questionnaire --- p.87 / Chapter D) --- MrOs/ MsOs Physical Measurement Questionnaire --- p.111 / Chapter E) --- MrOs/ MsOs follow-up Questionnaire --- p.120

Backgrounds and aims. Insomnia is a common sleep problem with significant health burden to individuals, families and society. Several risk factors contributed to the development of insomnia with significant familial aggregation phenomenon. According to this prospective study, we aimed to (1) explore the longitudinal course and outcomes of insomnia in both children and their parents; (2) confirm the familial aggregation and heritability of insomnia by detailed clinical interviews; (3) explore the potential biological markers of insomnia in terms of heart rate variability, 24-hour urinary cortisol and serial salivary cortisol. / Conclusions. Insomnia is commonly found in both adolescents and adults with moderate persistence rate after 5 years in Hong Kong Chinese. Our findings of increased risk of chronic medical burdens and various upper airway inflammatory diseases in both adolescent and adult subjects with insomnia suggested that insomnia requires comprehensive medical attention. Insomnia is a highly heritable disorder with robust familial aggregations, with a heritability of 0.67 for lifetime insomnia. We found gene-environment interaction on the pathogenesis of insomnia. Our findings strongly suggested the necessity of further molecular genetic analysis on insomnia. Daytime HRV, 24-hour urinary cortisol and serial salivary cortisol might not be the reliable biological markers for insomnia. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / Results. Phase 1. The prevalences of insomnia were 4.5%, 10.8% and 13.9% at baseline and 6.6%, 8.1% and 11.6% at follow-up for children, fathers and mothers respectively. Similar incidence rate of insomnia was found across adolescents, fathers and mothers (6.2%, 5.4% and 6.8% respectively, p>0.05), while highest persistence rate of insomnia was found in mothers (43.8%), followed by fathers (26.9%) and adolescents (14.9%) (mothers vs adolescents OR(95%CI)=4.43(2.22--8.86); mothers vs fathers OR(95%CI) = 2.11(1.31--3.42); fathers vs adolescents OR(95%CI) = 2.17(0.98--4.52)). Insomnia at baseline was significantly associated with frequent episodes of allergic rhinitis, asthma, and laryngopharyngitis and chronic use of medicine at follow-up in adolescents (p&lt;0.05). Insomnia at baseline was also significantly associated with poor medical outcomes in adults, including frequent allergic rhinitis, otitis media, hypertension, arthritis, psychiatric disorders, chronic pain and gastroesophageal reflux disease at follow-up in middle-aged adults (p&lt;0.05). Phase 2 study . The first degree relatives' recurrent rate was higher in those adolescents with insomnia than those adolescents without insomnia (43.9% vs 22.9% for current insomnia and 51.1% vs 28.0% for lifetime insomnia, respectively p&lt;0.001). Genetic analysis showed that the heritabilities were 0.57 +/- 0.19 for current insomnia and 0.67 +/- 0.13 for lifetime insomnia after adjusted for age and gender. There was significant synergistic interaction between parental history of insomnia and life stress on the development of insomnia of offsprings (p=0.002). Insomnia disorder and its severity were also found to correlate with neuroticism personality, psychological distress and poor quality of life. The phenotypic correlations of insomnia with these factors could be mainly explained by genetic component in bivariate genetic analysis. Phase 3 study. (1) Subjective sleep quantity and quality was consistently and negatively correlated with 24-hour urinary cortisol and salivary cortisol levels in adolescents. However, there was no such association in adults. (2) Adolescents with insomnia diagnosis had lower salivary cortisol at 0 minute after waking up (T1) but less decrease in AUCi3 than non-insomniac adolescents. Although there was no difference in serial salivary cortisol between insomniacs and non-insomniacs in adult, insomnia diagnosis interacted with gender on the effects of AC1Ji and salivary cortisol level at 10:00 pm. (3) There was no difference in 24-hour urinary cortisol between insomniacs and non-insomniacs. (4) There were some inconsistent associations of salivary cortisol with objective and subjective sleep parameters between continuous and dichotomized approaches. Fox example, there was no correlation between salivary cortisol and objective sleep measures in adults when using continuous variables, but, short sleepers as defined by objective TIB&le;400 minutes had higher cortisol levels at T1 (13.5+/-7.9 nmol/L vs 11.2+/-5.0 nmol/L) and T2 (14.0+/-6.0 vs 11.5+/-6.2 nmol/L) than their counterparts (TIB>400 minutes). In brief, cortisol (both salivary and urinary samples) level was more likely to be correlated with subjective measures of sleep than objective measures or insomnia diagnosis. In particular, the association predominantly occurred in adolescent group. / Zhang, Jihui. / Adviser: Yun-bwote Wing. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-01, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 245-249). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Conclusion. A much higher percentage of narcolepsy and narcolepsy spectrum disorders was identified in our family study than previous reports. Most of the cases were asymptomatic. The shortened MSL and SOREMPs should be regarded as endophenotypes of narcolepsy. Nocturnal sleep variability was found to be associated with a diagnosis of narcolepsy, daytime shortened MSL and SOREMPs among the relatives. Our data was more concordant with a hypothesis of state boundary control/state instability for narcolepsy. Further molecular genotyping with the incorporation of endophenotype concept should be planned. / Introduction. Most familial studies on narcolepsy lacked detailed face-to-face clinical interviews and objective polysomnogram (PSG) and daytime multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) measurements. Our preliminary family study found one relative (2.9%) with narcolepsy and about 30% of the relatives fulfilled the criteria of narcolepsy spectrum disorder (shortened mean sleep latency [MSL] and/or the presence of sleep onset REM periods [SOREMPs]) The aim of this study was to further explore the familial aggregation and transmission pattern in a larger sample of Hong Kong Chinese narcolepsy, all based on detailed face-to-face interviews and objective measurements. / Methods. Thirty-four narcolepsy (with/without cataplexy) patients, one hundred and two relatives of these probands and forty-eight healthy controls were included in the study. All probands, relatives and controls underwent an overnight standard nocturnal PSG and a daytime MSLT on the following day. In addition, each subject also had a detailed clinical interview and completed sleep questionnaires. HLA DQB1*0602 genotyping was performed for 32 probands, 94 relatives and 30 controls. / Results. Seven (6.9%) relatives were diagnosed as narcolepsy with cataplexy and 9 (8.8%) relatives were diagnosed as narcolepsy without cataplexy. 39 (38.2%) had narcolepsy spectrum disorder and 47 (46.1%) were considered to be normal. A very strong familial aggregation of narcolepsy, narcolepsy spectrum disorder with associated features of shortened MSL (&le;8min) and multiple SOREMPs were found in relatives, but not for sleep related hallucinations and sleep paralysis. Cataplexy seemed to breed true with exclusive but a low percentage of occurrence in the relatives of cataplectic-narcoleptic probands when comparing to the non-cataplectic probands (9% v.s. 0%). A close correlation of HLA-DQB1*0602 with cataplexy was found in both probands and their relatives. The narcoleptic relatives had an excess winter-birth when compared to normal relatives. On the other hand, the first-degree relatives of probands born in other seasons rather than winter had a shorter sleep latency in nocturnal sleep and a shorter mean sleep latency in MSLT. Our data suggested a Mendelian recessive model and multiplicative model for the inheritance of narcolepsy and a Mendelian dominant model for narcolepsy spectrum. Subjective questionnaires were unable in differentiating relatives with narcolepsy spectrum disorder from others. Relatives with narcolepsy reported a high rate of irregular sleep-wake patterns with both variable bedtime and nocturnal sleep duration. This nocturnal sleep variability correlated with daytime shortened MSL and SOREMPs among the relatives. In addition, shortened MSL and SOREMPs should be considered as endophenotypes of narcolepsy as they are the intermediate phenotypes that are heritable, state independent, associated with disease in the population and co-segregated with the disease within families. / Chen, Lei. / Adviser: Wing Yun Kwok. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3775. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-70). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that result in considerable morbidity and impaired quality of life. Although IBD is ubiquitous, heterogeneity in incidence is noted geographically and among different ethnicities, presumably due to genetic and environmental factors. The incidence and prevalence of IBD has plateaued in many Western countries but are increasing in developing nations. There is a lack of data on IBD pertaining to the Chinese population. / Studies were conducted to determine the characteristics of IBD in the Chinese population. The incidence of IBD in the Chinese population is a fifth to a tenth of Western societies but has risen sharply over the past decade. Several distinct demographic and phenotypic features were noted in the Chinese IBD population. Genetically, Chinese CD patients do not harbour the NOD2/CARD15 polymorphisms unlike Caucasian CD subjects. ANCA and ASCA are serologic markers that are highly specific for UC and CD respectively in the Chinese but ANCA sensitivity in Chinese UC is significantly lower than in Caucasian UC, while quantitative IgG ASCA (and not IgA) is a moderately sensitive test for CD. These markers are useful in differentiating UC from CD. A Chinese translation of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) was developed and validated to be reliable, sensitive to change and reproducible. A prospective cross-sectional survey of the disease-related knowledge of Chinese and Australian IBD patients identified a low level of IBD-knowledge but with a similar quality of life as Caucasians with IBD. There was a similar but high rate of use of complementary alternative medicines in both populations. / These studies were instrumental in: describing IBD in the Chinese population; developing a Chinese IBD database; acquiring techniques of investigating genetic polymorphisms and ASCA serology; devising the Chinese IBDQ to open up IBD trials to Hong Kong; and identifying knowledge deficiencies to help plan a targeted education programme. / Leong Rupert Wing-Loong. / Adviser: Joseph J.Y. Sung. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-01, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.

Conclusions. Our results showed that conventional in vitro FAO rate assay and acylcamitine profiling in cultured skin fibroblasts could be simplified and performed simultaneously by using the new combined method. Using the new derived parameter, TC, the new method can also reliably detect CUD. Together with molecular studies of ETFA, ETFB and ETFDH genes, the method could detect and confirm a diagnosis of MADD. No definitive case of FAOD was found in a cohort of sixteen SUD cases by the combined method. The new combined method has the potential to be applied as second-line laboratory test for detecting FAOD. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / First-line laboratory investigation of patients with FAOD is based on some specialized biochemical tests in body fluids including blood/urine carnitine and acylcarnitines, urine organic acids and acylglycines. Further confirmatory tests involve functional assessments of the FAO pathway in cultured skin fibroblasts. The two conventional methods are tritium water release assay for determination of total FAO rate and acylcarnitine profiling for detection of individual FAOD. Based on the basic principles of these two methods, I hypothesized that the total FAO rate assay could be combined with the acylcarnitine profiling if an appropriate substrate and measurement technique were used. In this thesis, I described the development and validation of such assay. In view that the conventional methods cannot reliably detect CUD and MADD, I attempted to test a new derived parameter namely total even-chain acylcarnitines (TC) using the proposed new combined assay for detection of CUD. As mutation analysis of MADD in Chinese patients has not been carried out, a genomic approach was developed to confirm the diagnosis of MADD detected by the new combined assay. Also, the new assay was applied to detect FAOD in a cohort of sudden unexpected death (SUD) Chinese infants. / Mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO) is a vital process for energy production in most tissues, particularly the skeletal muscle and heart. It also plays an important role to maintain sufficient energy supply through hepatic ketone body formation during fasting and stress. Most fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAOD) may lead to hypoketotic hypoglycaemia, hepatic dysfunction, encephalopathy, skeletal myopathy and cardiomyopathy. / Molecular studies of genomic DNA from five MADD patients in three unrelated Chinese families were performed. Four novel mutations in ETFDH gene were found in two families: one deletion (c.1355delG) and three missense (c.250G>A, c.409C>T and c.1400G>C) mutations. In another family, only one splice site (IVS2+1G>A) mutation in ETFA gene was identified. / The definitive diagnosis in nine CUD patients were made by a very low rates of carnitine uptake (&lt;5% of control) as determined by the conventional radioactive carnitine uptake assay in cultured skin fibroblasts. When using the new combined FAO rate and acylcamitine profiling method, the calculated TC levels of these patients were all below 9.3 nmol/mg protein/96h and were well separated from the control group. At this cutoff value, ROC analysis gave a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 87.5%, the AUC was 0.993, (p&lt;0.001). Therefore, both conventional radioactive carnitine uptake assay and our new combined assay could be useful for the diagnosis of CUD. / Law, Lap Kay. / Advisers: Christopher Lam Wai Kei; Nelson Tang Leung Sang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3420. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 177-202). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Lai, Ching Man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-121). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / List of Figures --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.viii / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction and Literature Review / Origin of the Construct of BPD --- p.2 / BPD in the DSM Nomenclature --- p.3 / Epidemiology of BPD --- p.4 / Co-occurrence and Comorbidity of BPD --- p.4 / Construct Validity and Dimensionality of BPD --- p.6 / Prototypic Validity and Subtypes of BPD --- p.8 / Taxometric analysis --- p.8 / Latent class analysis --- p.9 / Diagnostic efficiency of individual BPD criteria --- p.11 / Comparable Constructs ofBPD in the ICD-10 and the CCMD-III --- p.13 / Emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) --- p.13 / Impulsive personality disorder (IPD) --- p.14 / "Comparison of Diagnostic Features in DSM-BPD, ICD-EUPD and CCMD-IPD" --- p.15 / Purposes of This Study --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Method / Participants --- p.21 / Procedures --- p.21 / Instruments and Measures --- p.22 / Cross-cultural Personality Assessment Inventory-2 (CPAI-2) --- p.22 / Chinese Personality Disorder Inventory (CPDI) --- p.22 / Multi-axial Clinical Assessment Inventory (MCAI) --- p.23 / "Simulated diagnostic assessment for BPD, IPD and EUPD" --- p.23 / Statistical Analyses --- p.26 / "Validation of the constructs of BPD, IPD, and EUPD" --- p.26 / "Relationships among diagnostic features in BPD, IPD and EUPD" --- p.29 / "Rate and co-occurrence of the diagnosis of BPD, IPD and EUPD" --- p.29 / "Sociodemographic, Personality and Clinical Characteristics of Chinese BPD, IPD and EUPD patients" --- p.29 / Subtypes of DSM-IV-TR BPD patients --- p.30 / Diagnostic information of DSM-IV-TR BPD criteria --- p.32 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results / "Validation of the Constructs of BPD, IPD, and EUPD" --- p.34 / Construct validity of BPD among Chinese psychiatric patients --- p.34 / Construct validity of IPD among Chinese psychiatric patients --- p.36 / Construct Validity of EUPD among Chinese Psychiatric Patients --- p.38 / "Relationships among diagnostic features in BPD, IPD and EUPD" --- p.45 / "Rate and Co-occurrence of the Diagnosis of BPD, IPD and EUPD" --- p.46 / "Sociodemographic,Personality and Clinical Characteristics of Chinese BPD, IPD and EUPD Patients" --- p.49 / Sociodemographic profile --- p.49 / Personality profile --- p.51 / Psychosocial functioning --- p.52 / Clinical profile --- p.53 / Latent class analysis of DSM-IV-TR BPD Patients --- p.60 / Item Response Theory Analysis of DSM-IV-TR BPD criteria --- p.66 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Discussion / "Is BPD, IPD, and EUPD a Valid Construct?" --- p.71 / Internal consistency --- p.71 / Factorial validity --- p.72 / "How Frequent is the Diagnosis of BPD, IPD and EUPD in Clinical Setting of China? Can BPD Capture Patients Diagnosed with IPD or EUPD Otherwise?" --- p.74 / "What are the Socio-demographic, Personality and Clinical Characteristics of BPD, IPD and EUPD Patients?" --- p.75 / "Similar characteristics between Chinese BPD, IPD and EUPD patients" --- p.75 / "Distinguishing characteristics between Chinese BPD, IPD and EUPD patients" --- p.79 / "Are BPD, IPD and EUPD Distinct Clinical Construct?" --- p.80 / Do Subtypes of BPD Exist? --- p.81 / What are the Core Features of the BPD Diagnosis? --- p.83 / "Suggestions for Future Revision of the ""Borderline"" Diagnosis" --- p.84 / "Development of sub-division of ""borderline"" patients" --- p.85 / Towards a classical classification model --- p.86 / Towards an etiological based model --- p.86 / Strengths and Limitations of the Study --- p.91 / FOOTNOTES --- p.95 / REFERENCES --- p.96 / APPENDIX --- p.122

Li, Xixi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-71). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; includes text in Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) --- p.1 / The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Invenroy (MCMI) --- p.9 / The Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI) --- p.14 / Purpose of the Present Study --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Method --- p.24 / Participants --- p.24 / Measures --- p.26 / Item selection and preliminary validation --- p.26 / Scale description --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Result --- p.38 / Reliability --- p.38 / Convergent validity --- p.41 / Concurrent validity --- p.44 / Factorial structure of the CCMI --- p.49 / Discriminant power --- p.51 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.55 / Reference --- p.65 / Appendix --- p.72