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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Synthesis and characterization of helicenes, dendrimers and molecular asterisks / Synthèse et caractérisation d'hélicènes, dendrimères et astérisques moléculaires

Berezhnaia, Veronika 11 October 2018 (has links)
Projet de thèse consiste de plusieurs parties:-synthèse de nanographène chirale, caractérisation de ses propriétés photo-physiques (publication en JACS acceptée);-synthèse des astérisques moléculaires, qui combinent les propriétés luminescences du noyau benzène persulfuré et des solubilité aqueuse et biocompatibilité des dendrons avec des branches de PEG; une application de ces dendrons pour couvrir les nanoparticules de silice ;-synthèse des astérisques moléculaires avec noyau de benzène persulfuré et branches des heterocycles, pour explorer leurs auto-assemblage et propriétés chelatantes vers métaux. / The synthesis of molecular asterisks as "smart sensors" with a persulfurated benzene core and various ligands was explored. Asterisks with heteroaromatic ligands were synthesized for exploring their metal ions complexing ability. PEG dendrons were tested for increasing the water solubility of the asterisks, and to verify if PEG asterisks could encapsulate some hydrophobic molecules. The PEG dendrons were synthesized for making smart asterisks sensors, and for another purpose: the coating of silica nanoparticles to prevent their fast degradation in water. Unfortunately, this protection from degradation was ineffective, but we could make PEG asterisks to encapsulate molecules (Nile Red) toward new drug nanocarriers.The synthesis of chiral nanographenes embedding [5]- or [7]helicenes is reported. Usually [5]helicenes are configurationally labile, while higher helicene homologs are stable. We synthesized a stable chiral nanographene with six embedded [5]helicene units (a [5]helicene trimer). We found a strong distortion of benzene rings, especially in the triphenylene core. The enantiomers were separated and the chiroptical properties were measured.The synthesis of [7]helicene trimer was also performed with a great enantio- and diastereoselectivity. When a Ni(0)- mediated cyclotrimerization is achieved with an enantiopure [7]helicene substrate, only one enantiomer of the trimer is obtained, while keeping intact the configuration of the substrate. On a racemic substrate, three diastereomers were obtained. One of them demonstrated the highest values of a benzene ring distortion reported to date (mean puckering angle and twisting angle).
2

Nouveaux glycoclusters polysulfurés à coeur triazine : synthèse et interaction envers PA-IL / Novel polysulfurated glycoclusters with triazine scaffold : synthese and interactions toward pa-il

Smadhi, Meriem 15 July 2013 (has links)
Les interactions protéines-carbohydrates sont à la base de nombreux processus biologiques physiologiques aussi bien que pathologiques. Ces interactions incluent la synthèse et la dégradation enzymatique des oligosaccharides, la cohésion des tissus, l'immunité, le cancer ou encore l'infection bactérienne et virale. L'inhibition de ce type d'interaction par des molécules multivalentes synthétiques telles les glycopolymères, glycodendrimères, glycoclusters, etc. fait l'objet d'études importantes depuis plusieurs décennies. L'obtention de telles molécules pourrait permettre de développer de nouvelles thérapies qui pourraient palier notamment la multi-résistance aux antibiotiques. De plus, la détection de telles interactions par des méthodes simples et faciles à mettre en oeuvre permettrait une amélioration de la compréhension de ces phénomènes, ainsi que le diagnostic rapide de la présence de microorganismes. C'est dans ce contexte, que nous avons développé une nouvelle classe de composés glycosylés multivalents à coeur triazine. Ces glycoclusters de basse valence, ont la particularité de présenter une double fonctionnalité : l'inhibition d'interactions lectine-sucre par des effets de multivalence ainsi que la détection de ces interactions. Nous présentons dans ce manuscrit, la synthèse d'une nouvelle famille de glycoclusters polysulfurés à coeur triazine portant des épitopes saccharidiques tels que D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose, L-fucose, ainsi que leurs évaluations biologiques réalisées sur des lectines de Pseudomonas aeuriginosa. Nous avons ainsi mis en évidence la possibilité de reconnaître et de détecter les interactions lectine-sucre dans un premier temps par association d'un cluster mixte portant un fluorophore, et de façon plus sophistiquée, grâce à un système à géométrie variable incorporant dans le scaffold même un switch photochimique variant l'arrangement des sucres dans l'espace / Protein-carbohydrate interactions mediate a wide range of biochemical processes. Amongst these is the process of bacterial infection, which often proceeds through carbohydrate-binding lectins involved in biofilm formation. Even if the individual associations result from weak interactions, the assembly of multiple carbohydrate-protein interactions, typically more than additive, confers to the system the required specificity and avidity for their biological functions. In order to study this « glycocluster effects », a number of scaffold systems presenting multivalent carbohydrate ligands have been prepared in the literature. Dendrimers, polymers, peptides, calixarenes, to name a few, have been used as core molecules for the synthesis of multivalent glycoconjugates. The purpose of this work is to design new glycoclusters which exhibit dual functionality: the inhibition of carbohydrate-protein interactions via a multivalency effect; and detection of the interactions via fluorescence spectroscopy. A first generation of polysulfurated glycoclusters, organized around a heteroaromatic core, was synthesized using click chemistry reactions, which provided a family of highly soluble and readily accessible clusters. The glycoclusters were evaluated for their ligand-lectin interactions, multivalency effects, thermodynamic parameters, and abilty to modulate biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major causative agent of lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. We describe a new family of ‘switchable glycoclusters’ based on photochromic behavior. They are designed to generate a modulated fluorescence signal as well as a defined change in the three-dimensional arrangement of the sugar epitopes, and may eventually provide significantly improved probes for studying the distribution, dynamics, interactions, and activities of specific lectins

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