Locus of control och självkänsla En jämförelse mellan elit- och icke elitidrottare Helén Blomstrand Besitter individen en hög inre locus of control anser denne att individen själv är ansvarig för valen denne gör i livet, medan en hög yttre locus of control innebär det motsatta. Syftet med studien var bland annat att se om elit- och icke elitidrottare skiljde sig gällande locus of control; får elitidrottarna högre förvärvade än traitbaserade inre attityder gällande självkänsla och locus of control, än icke elitidrottare, har locus of control samband med självkänsla. En enkätundersökning genomfördes på 82 idrottare varav 42 elitidrottare. Resultatet visade att elitidrottarna uppvisade signifikant högre resultat gällande inre locus of control än icke elitidrottarna samt att det fanns könsskillnader då männen uppvisade högre värden gällande en inre work locus of control. Resultatet indikerar även att bassjälvkänsla har ett positivt samband med locus of control. Diskussionen fördes kring om en högre inre locus of control leder till bättre idrottsliga resultat samt kritisk granskning av gällande uppsats. Keywords: locus of control, external and internal, athletes, self-esteem

Thesis (Honors)--Liberty University Honors Program, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 71 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.), Eastern Illinois University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-57).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2003. / Advisor: Dr. Annie Clement, Florida State University, College of Education, Dept. of Sport Management, Recreation Management, and Physical Education. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Mar. 12, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

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This thesis examines the attitudes and justifications athletes have in regards to doping in sport, and specifically the current doping ban. A historical analysis of anti-doping policy development in Canada was completed to determine how the current anti-doping system operates in Canada. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted with retired and current members of the Women’s and Men’s Canadian National Volleyball Teams. Content analysis was used to analyze the interview transcripts and to draw out the resulting themes. From the interviews it emerged that the Canadian volleyball athletes participating in this study viewed the doping ban as a list of rules they must follow in order to remain eligible to compete. The athletes’ perspectives on the doping ban differ from the reasons historically and currently provided by anti-doping organizations, as the athletes participating in this study did not discuss values in their reasons for following the doping ban in sport.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common supraventricular tachyarrhythmia that can present without cardiovascular disease (lone AF). Frequent high-intensity endurance exercise is a risk factor for lone AF, and the pathophysiology of AF induced by intense endurance exercise is unknown. We found that after 6 weeks of intense swimming and running, mice were far more susceptible to AF, but not ventricular arrhythmias. Exercise induced atrial fibrosis, inflammation and slowed conduction without detectible changes in ventricles. Since AF is associated with stretch and since a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is a mechanosensitive inflammatory factor, mice were treated with the TNFα inhibitor etanercept. Etanercept treatment blocked inflammation, fibrosis, and AF vulnerability in the exercised mice. Consistent with these findings, we found that exercise caused large elevations in atrial pressures. Our findings support the conclusion that mechanical loading of atria during exercise induces TNFα release, leading to structural remodeling and enhanced AF vulnerability.