Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1992.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-93).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-144).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon Graduate Center, 1986.

Measurement of turbulent fluctuations of wind temperature and humidity to determine the momentum, sensible heat and latent heat surface fluxes were made in Bimini Island, in April - May 1971 over Grand Bahamas Banks. The temperature spectralshape and WT cospectral shape showed strong time dependency. The temperature and humidity turbulent fluxes were dissimilar some of the time as in the case of B.O.M.E.X. This dissimilarity and time dependency of the spectra and cospectra depend on the structure of the vertical profile of deeper layers which is determined by the evolution of the tropical inversion layer. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

An instrument was developed to measure the static pressure fluctuations within the turbulent flow of the atmospheric boundary layer. This instrument was used to measure some of the properties of pressure fluctuations over a flat boundary and over water waves and has provided the first reliable pressure data within a turbulent boundary layer. For all observations over a flat boundary the root-mean-square pressure produced by the boundary layer turbulence was about 2.6 times the mean stress. The spectra had a power law behaviour with a mean slope of -1.7 for scales above the peak of the vertical velocity spectrum. Pressure fluctuations were approximately spherical in shape, and propagated downstream at a rate equal to the 'local' mean wind. Above the boundary, the large scale pressure fluctuations were approximately in phase with the downstream velocity fluctuations; at small scales there was a large phase difference (≃135°). These phase differences were interpreted to be the result of the large pressure producing scales interacting with the earth's surface, while the small scales were 'free' of the surface. Pressure forces resulted in an energy flux out of the downstream velocity fluctuations of about 0.45 of the total energy source for the turbulence within the band of 0.05 < kz < 20. The pressure term in the net energy budget was found to be about 1/10 of the energy feeding term. Pressure measurements near wind generated waves showed a large spectral hump at the wave frequencies. The amplitude of this hump increased, and its vertical rate of decay decreased, as the mean wind speed increased. The phase difference between pressure and waves during active generation was found to be about 135°, pressure lagging waves. This did not change vertically. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

The work carried out for this thesis forms part of a program to study air-sea interaction processes which has been under way at the Institute of Oceanography of the University of British Columbia during the past four years. Measurements of the spectra of fluctuations of the velocity, temperature, and quantities related to the total rate of dissipation of kinetic energy were made in the air just above the sea surface, Particular attention was focused on the high wave number region of the spectra for which there are predictions for the spectral forms from the theory of turbulence. The measurements of the velocity fluctuations were made with hot-wire anemometers of the constant current type. The temperature fluctuations were measured with a platinum resistance thermometer consisting of a platinum wire 2.5 microns in diameter and about 2mm long. The fluctuations of the quantities related to the dissipation rate were obtained from the velocity fluctuations using an analog computer to perform the necessary operations. The spectral analyses were performed by analog techniques. The measured velocity spectra, when normalized in the required was showed excellent agreement with the measurements of other investigators who worked in different flow fields. The experimental evidence now available provides very strong support for the Kolmogoroff contention that there exists a universal form to the high wave number part of the spectrum of high Reynolds number turbulence. This universal form might be expected to be affected by the observed intermittency of the turbulence. However, such effects, if they exist, must be smaller than the observed experimental scatter of 10 to 15%. The spectrum of the temperature fluctuations shows good agreement with the predictions, obtained from arguments similar to the Kolmogoroff ones for the velocity spectrum, over the rather limited wave number range which it was possible to investigate. The wave number spectra of the fluctuations of the quantities related to the dissipation rate agree with the predictions of Novikov and Stewart (19 64) that these spectra should have a power law form in the inertial subrange with the power of the wave number lying between 0 and -1. One of the requirements for the validity of their prediction is that the flatness factor for the velocity fluctuations and their spatial derivatives should be very much larger than the flatness factor for a Gaussian random variable. The few measurements which were made of flatness factors showed that this requirement is very well satisfied. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

This report describes the instrumentation which is currently being utilized at the Oregon Graduate Center in a study of atmospheric turbulence effects on the long-range propagation of visible and infrared laser beams, with independent measurements of the turbulence parameters. The specially designed instrumentation includes portions of an Analog Computer; a special Differential Thermometer; a Laser Modulator; and auxiliary meteorological instruments; which were developed by the author. Sample experimental results are given in the report.

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