The quantal Boltzmann&ndash / Langevin equation is used to obtain a dispersion relation for the growth rates of instabilities in infinite nuclear matter. The dispersion relation is solved numerically for three different potentials. The quantal results are compared with the semi-classical solutions. It is seen that with the inclusion of the quantal effects the growth rates of the fastest growing modes in the system are reduced and these modes have the tendency to occur at longer wavelengths for all the potentials considered. Furthermore, the boundaries of the spinodal region is determined by the phase diagrams using the same three potentials and it is observed that the expanding nuclear matter undergoes liquid-gas phase transition at reduced temperatures when the quantum effects are included.

Leptonic decay modes of Z-boson constitute one of the important class of the decays for checking predictions and improving parameters of the standard model. In next generation of the accelerators, it will be produced more than 10^8 Z-boson pear year. Therefore, It appears real possibility to analyze the rare decays of Z, which are absent at tree level in standard model. Moreover, the rare decays are quite sensitive to the existence of new physics beyond the standard model. One of the possible source for the new physics is noncommutative theories (NC). Noncommutative theories have rich phenomenological implications due to the appearance of new interactions, which are forbidden in standard model. In this thesis, we examine the Z $rightarrow nu bar{nu} gamma$ decay in noncommutative standard model. We study the sensitivity of the decay width on the noncommutative scale parameter Lambda and parameters $C_{0i}$ and $C_{ij}$, which defines the direction of background electric and magnetic fields.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2004. / Submitted to the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 571-601). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (South Asia))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2008. / Thesis Advisor(s): Knopf, Jeffrey W. ; Lavoy, Peter R. "March 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on May 16, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-103). Also available in print.

Inaug.-Diss.--Cologne. / Vita. Bibliography: leaves iv-viii.

The encapsulation of a small molecule inside a fullerene cage through advances in synthetic chemistry have created a new platform to study the dynamics of a freely rotating and translating quantum rotors entrapped inside a symmetric cage potential. These endohedral fullerene complexes are of great interest because the fullerene cages uniquely provide the entrapped molecules a high level of isolation, homogeneity, symmetry and stability. The endohedral fullerene complexes discussed in this thesis are the H2@C60, H2@C70 and H2O@C60. Both variants of small molecules studied in this thesis, H2 and H2O, exhibits spin isomerism, where the spins of both protons in the molecule are able to combine either symmetrically with total spin I=1 (ortho) or anti-symmetrically with total spin I=0 (para). The H2@C60 is the union between the simplest molecule and the most symmetrical molecule in the universe. This thesis discusses the temperature dependence of cold neutron scattering study in this complex to investigate the statistical distribution of the energy states. The H2@C70 is a less symmetric endohedral fullerene which has a prolate ellipsoidal symmetry cage. This thesis discusses the low temperature thermal neutron scattering and the temperature dependence of cold neutron scattering investigations in the complex to study the effect of the ellipsoidal cage on the quantum dynamics of the molecules. H2O@C60 is different to the dihydrogen variant of the small molecule endohedral fullerenes because H2O has a permanent electric dipole moment and is less symmetric than H2. The quantum dynamics of the H2O@C60 is investigated using low temperature thermal neutron scattering, temperature dependence cold neutron scattering and milli-Kelvin NMR. Unlike the dihydrogen endohedral fullerenes, the H2O@C60 also exhibits slow nuclear spin-isomer conversion at low temperatures. This low temperature ortho-H2O to para-H2O conversion process is investigated with both INS and NMR to study the conversion mechanism.

The work described in this thesis was conducted at the University of Nottingham in the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, between September 2011 and 2014. Subject motion in high- resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a major source of image artefacts. It is a very complex problem, due to variety of physical motion types, imaging techniques, or k-space trajectories. Many techniques have been proposed over the years to correct images for motion, all looking for the best practical solution in clinical scanning, which would give cost- effective, robust and high accuracy correction, without decreasing patient comfort or prolonging the scan time. Moreover, if the susceptibility induced field changes due to head rotation are large enough, they will compromise motion correction methods. In this work a method for prospective correction of head motion for MR brain imaging at 7 T was proposed. It would employ innovative NMR tracking devices not presented in literature before. The device presented in this thesis is characterized by a high accuracy of position measurements (0.06 ± 0.04 mm), is considered very practical, and stands the chance to be used in routine imaging in the future. This study also investigated the significance of the field changes induced by the susceptibility in human brain due to small head rotations (±10 deg). The size and location of these field changes were characterized, and then the effects of the changes on the image were simulated. The results have shown that the field shift may be as large as |-18.3| Hz/deg. For standard Gradient Echo sequence at 7 T and a typical head movement, the simulated image distortions were on average equal to 0.5%, and not larger than 15% of the brightest voxel. This is not likely to compromise motion correction, but may be significant in some imaging sequences.

Also published on CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references.

Developments in high-performance computing instruments and advancements in the numerical algorithms combined with lattice gauge theory make it possible to simulate Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of strongly-interacting quarks and gluons, numerically at nearly physical light-quark masses. In this work we present our results for the $D^*Dpi$ coupling constant as simulated on $32^3 imes 64$, unquenched $2+1$-flavor lattices. We estimate the coupling at the chiral limit as $g_{D^*Dpi} = 16.23 pm 1.71$, which is in good agreement with its experimental value $g^{(exp)}_{D^*Dpi} = 17.9pm0.3pm1.9$ as obtained by CLEO II Collaboration.

The emulsion target of the CHORUS detector was exposed to the wide-band neutrino beam of the CERN SPS between the years 1994 and 1997. In total about 130.000 neutrino interactions were located in the nuclear emulsion target and fully reconstructed. Detailed DATA and Monte Carlo (MC) comparisons were done in order to test reliability of the detector simulation. There is reasonable agreement between DATA and MC. The ratio of deep inelastic neutral-current (NC) to the deep inelastic (DIS) charged-current(CC) $nu_{mu}$ interactions was measured to be frac{NC_{dis}}{CC_{dis}}=0.350pm0.003$. This measurement was compared with the previous measurements. Based on three double charm decays found in NC interactions we measured the ratio of double charm cross-section in NC $nu_{mu}$ interactions to be [ frac{sigma (cbar{c}nu_mu)}{sigma_{NC}}=(3.37^{+3.06}_{-2.51}(stat.)pm 0.51(syst.))times 10^{-3}. ] One double charm decay has been observed in CC $nu_{mu}$ interactions the upper limit on associated charm production in $nu_{mu}$ CC interaction has been found to be [ frac{sigma cbar{c}mu^{-})}{sigma_{CC}}&lt / 9.69 times 10^{-4}. ] at 90% C.L.