Meter a lapse of about five years the experimental attack on the secrets of the otomio nucleus hau begun again. The num her of ocientistr3 now engaged in this work and the number of particle decelerators which exact or are under coaztruction are very much greater than at any other p rcviouo time. 1ý Since the gar there have emerged several new promising methods of accelerating particles to very high enargiea. In every case the size, expense and time of eonmtruction of the o, pnratu3 are very 1nrge. The machine which is most suitable for accelerating particles to the highest energies is the proton synchrotron. Until recently this development wes confined to the BirminChe. n University, whore a machine designed to' accelerate protons to 109 eV (and possibly deuterons and of -particles to "6x 109 aV and 109 eV reapoctinely) in v2cll under construction. It id with the theory and construction of such an accelerator that this thesis is mainly concerned (Chapters III, IV and V). While building ouch a complicated picco of apparatus it in bf course essential to appreciate its likely uses. Since the proton synchrotron will be capable of deliýrering pcrtiolea over a very viide ranee of energies (protons from 2 ý- 1,000 MoV) the possible experim©nta are likely to include nearly all thoac cihich can be performed with arty accelerator. Naturally attention will be confined largely to the very high energy region.

Magister Scientiae - MSc / The aim of nuclear structure physics is to study the interplay between singleparticle and collective degrees of freedom in nuclei and to explain how nuclei get excited and decay under di erent external conditions, such as strong electric and magnetic elds. If nuclei absorb a large amount of energy and angular momentum, like in a scattering reaction when you bombard a target that is in the ground state with a projectile at high bombarding energies, the energy from the projectile gets transfered to the target and vice versa, hence both projectile and target may get excited. During the de-excitation process nuclei may release the energy in a form of electromagnetic radiation (gamma rays) which carries angular momentum. The atomic nucleus is a many-body system, whose structure is de ned in terms of interactions between protons and neutrons. In nature there are only around 300 stable isotopes [1]. They are all in their ground states (although some are in a low-energy excited isomeric state with a long lifetime). To study excited states in these nuclei one needs to provide energy to the system. In addition, there are some 3000 unstable nuclei, most of which do not exist in nature. Many have been produced and studied in research laboratories, and there could be more than 3000 other unstable nuclei that can in principle exist in astrophysical environments, but have not yet been synthesized on Earth [1].

This master's degree thesis, called Nuclear Chemistry and Chemistry of f-Elements in Chemistry Curriculum at Secondary Schools, conducts a research of the most commonly used high school textbooks. Within the textbook research, topics such as atomic nucleus composition, radioactivity, and f-elements were studied in order to evaluate to what extent contemporary textbooks meet to the curriculum requirements. Based on the textbook research, the new teaching texts, materials, and teaching tasks including the uncovered themes were created. Selected teaching tasks were evaluated by high school teachers. Within this pool, the teachers also answered questions concerning teaching topics of radioactivity and chemistry of f-elements at high schools. The same tasks were solved and evaluated by high school students as well. The results of both teacher and student surveys were used for the final modification of the tasks.