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1	Techniques for cold atom manipulation Torabi-Goudar, Firuz Andreas January 2003 (has links) No description available. 539 Atomic rubidium beam & funnel
2	Development of an external cavity diode laser for application to spectroscopy and laser cooling and trapping of rubidium Botha, G. N. 03 1900 (has links) Thesis (MSc (Physics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / In the presented study a diode laser was characterised and used for spec- troscopy, measuring the resonance lines of atomic rubidium. The characteristics of diode lasers and external cavity diode lasers (ECDL) for the purposes of ab- sorption spectroscopy were investigated and an experimental setup for tunable diode laser spectroscopy using an ECDL was developed. In external cavity diode lasers, the advantages of low cost, small size and e ciency of a diode laser is combined with tunability and a narrow frequency bandwidth. The ECDL was applied in experimental setups for absorption spectroscopy and saturated ab- sorption spectroscopy. Measurement of the absorption of atomic rubidium's D2 line near 780 nm is discussed. The Doppler broadened, as well as the Doppler free spectrum of the ne and hyper ne structure of the D2 line were measured and is discussed. Finer control of the ECDL's stability and frequency, using a servo circuit, were investigated and tested. An overview is given of laser cool- ing and trapping of neutral rubidium atoms, which is the main application the ECDL were developed for. External cavity diode laser Saturated absorption spectroscopy Atomic rubidium Dissertations -- Physics Theses -- Physics Laser cooling Spectroscopy
3	Electron Transfer and Other Reactions Using Atomic Metal Anions Butson, Jeffery M. 04 February 2014 (has links) The atomic metal anions Rb-, Cs-, Cu-, Ag- and Fe- have been generated in the gas phase and reacted with various neutral reactants in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The metal anions were formed via electrospray ionization of the metal-oxalate solutions and form in gas phase between the capillary and the first quadrupole. Neutral gas phase reactants investigated include NO, NO2, SO2, C6F5OH, C6F5NH2, C6F6, E-octafluoro-butene and 1,2,3/1,2,4/1,3,5 trifluoro-benzene. When possible, CBS-4M methods were used to suggest the lowest energy products based on relative energy. Observed reactions of atomic metal anions with the aforementioned neutral species include electron transfer and dissociative electron transfer to the neutral gas phase reactants. In addition, hydrogen abstraction and fluorine abstraction forming a neutral metal hydride or fluoride as well as the formation of multiply substituted metal-oxide/fluoride anions was also observed. Metal-complex anions observed from the gas phase reactions include CuF-,CuF2-,CuO-,CuO2-, FeO-, FeO2-, FeO3-, FeF-, FeF2-, FeF3-, CsF- and CsF2-. Metal Anion Metal Anion Atomic Atomic Metal Anion Atomic Metals Atomic Metal Anions Anions Metals Mass Spectrometer Triple Quadrupole Rb Cs Fe Cu Ag Cs- Rb- Fe- Cu- Ag- pentafluoroaniline pentafluorophenol nitrogen dioxide sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxide nitrogen monoxide oxygen oxalic oxalic acid gas phase electrospray ionization electrospray ionization electro-spray ionization electro-spray hexafluorobenzene 1,2,3-trifluorobenzene 1,2,4-trifluorobenzene 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene fluorine E-octafluoro-butene octafluoro-butene octafluoro butene CBS-4M abstraction hydrogen abstraction fluorine abstraction hydride fluoride metal hydride metal fluoride caesium fluoride rubidium fluoride iron fluride copper fluoride rubidium caesium iron copper silver iron anion copper anion rubidium anion caesium anion silver anion cesium cesium anion atomic caesium anion atomic cesium anion atomic rubidium anion atomic iron anion atomic copper anion atomic silver anion 1,2,3 trifluorobenzene 1,2,4 trifluorobenzene 1,3,5 trifluorobenzene copper fluoride anion iron fluoride anion copper difluoride copper difluoride anion iron difluoride iron difluoride anion iron trifluoride iron trifluoride anion cesium fluoride cesium fluoride anion caesium difluoride anion caesium difluoride cesium difluoride cesium difluoride anion caesium fluoride anion nitrogen monoxide anion sulfur dioxide anion nitrogen dioxide anion copper oxide copper oxide anion copper dioxide copper dioxide anion iron oxide iron oxide anion iron dioxide iron dioxide anion iron trioxide iron trioxide anion electron transfer
4	Electron Transfer and Other Reactions Using Atomic Metal Anions Butson, Jeffery M. January 2014 (has links) The atomic metal anions Rb-, Cs-, Cu-, Ag- and Fe- have been generated in the gas phase and reacted with various neutral reactants in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The metal anions were formed via electrospray ionization of the metal-oxalate solutions and form in gas phase between the capillary and the first quadrupole. Neutral gas phase reactants investigated include NO, NO2, SO2, C6F5OH, C6F5NH2, C6F6, E-octafluoro-butene and 1,2,3/1,2,4/1,3,5 trifluoro-benzene. When possible, CBS-4M methods were used to suggest the lowest energy products based on relative energy. Observed reactions of atomic metal anions with the aforementioned neutral species include electron transfer and dissociative electron transfer to the neutral gas phase reactants. In addition, hydrogen abstraction and fluorine abstraction forming a neutral metal hydride or fluoride as well as the formation of multiply substituted metal-oxide/fluoride anions was also observed. Metal-complex anions observed from the gas phase reactions include CuF-,CuF2-,CuO-,CuO2-, FeO-, FeO2-, FeO3-, FeF-, FeF2-, FeF3-, CsF- and CsF2-. Metal Anion Metal Anion Atomic Atomic Metal Anion Atomic Metals Atomic Metal Anions Anions Metals Mass Spectrometer Triple Quadrupole Rb Cs Fe Cu Ag Cs- Rb- Fe- Cu- Ag- pentafluoroaniline pentafluorophenol nitrogen dioxide sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxide nitrogen monoxide oxygen oxalic oxalic acid gas phase electrospray ionization electrospray ionization electro-spray ionization electro-spray hexafluorobenzene 1,2,3-trifluorobenzene 1,2,4-trifluorobenzene 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene fluorine E-octafluoro-butene octafluoro-butene octafluoro butene CBS-4M abstraction hydrogen abstraction fluorine abstraction hydride fluoride metal hydride metal fluoride caesium fluoride rubidium fluoride iron fluride copper fluoride rubidium caesium iron copper silver iron anion copper anion rubidium anion caesium anion silver anion cesium cesium anion atomic caesium anion atomic cesium anion atomic rubidium anion atomic iron anion atomic copper anion atomic silver anion 1,2,3 trifluorobenzene 1,2,4 trifluorobenzene 1,3,5 trifluorobenzene copper fluoride anion iron fluoride anion copper difluoride copper difluoride anion iron difluoride iron difluoride anion iron trifluoride iron trifluoride anion cesium fluoride cesium fluoride anion caesium difluoride anion caesium difluoride cesium difluoride cesium difluoride anion caesium fluoride anion nitrogen monoxide anion sulfur dioxide anion nitrogen dioxide anion copper oxide copper oxide anion copper dioxide copper dioxide anion iron oxide iron oxide anion iron dioxide iron dioxide anion iron trioxide iron trioxide anion electron transfer

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