The main purpose of this study was to investigate elementary teachers&rsquo / and elementary mathematics teachers&rsquo / attitudes toward and beliefs about mathematical problem solving in terms of gender and grade level being taught. Moreover, the relationship between elementary teachers&rsquo / and elementary mathematics teachers&rsquo / attitudes and beliefs was evaluated in this study. The data were collected from 141 in-service elementary teachers who are teaching 4th and 5th graders and elementary mathematics teachers who are teaching 6th, 7th and 8th graders in Nevsehir. The measuring instruments used to collect data were Whitaker Mathematical Problem Solving Attitude Scale (WMPSAS) and, Belief on Mathematical Problem Solving Scale (BMPSS). The results showed that, in general, in-service elementary teachers and elementary mathematics teachers indicated positive attitudes and rich beliefs toward mathematical problem solving. In addition, there was a significant difference between grade level being taught regarding attitudes and beliefs. The elementary mathematics teachers had significantly higher attitudes and beliefs scores than the elementary teachers. The results also revealed that there was not significant main effect for gender on both attitudes and beliefs. In other words, regardless of grade level being taught, female elementary teachers and female elementary mathematics teachers had higher attitude and belief scores than male elementary teachers and male elementary mathematics teachers. Finally, Pearson product-moment correlation analysis indicated a significantly positive correlation between attitude and belief scores.

Factors Influencing Corporate Social Responsibility Behavior: Test of An Integrated Stakeholder Model Abstract Lots of serious ethics crises and the violations of corporate social responsibility happened in domestic business community in recent years. These serious cases emerged in business not only have affected different parties¡¦ rights, but also caught the close attention from the public. Bunches of dangerous events and issues happened in the perspective of ethics crises also attracted the researcher¡¦s motive. This research, based on the viewpoint of the interested party ¡V the stakeholder, aims at understanding the development of CSR in Taiwan and building the research context. On the other hand, this study reviews the domestic and international literatures related to CSR in order to explore the whole concept of CSR development, the development stages, comprehensive theories in discussion of CSR, and finally to define relative stakeholders and the levels of CSR, while enterprise managers fulfilling their CSR. This research has applied 300 valid questionnaires from the top 1000 manufacturing industries in Taiwan to do the empirical investigation and statistical analysis. Meanwhile, in order to increase the validity, the study has searched 2,103 available news through the access of media¡¦s database (http://udn.com) to understand the CSR behaviors of top 1000 Taiwanese manufacturing industries, and further to do cross analysis with empirical investigation for the purpose of understanding their relationship. Therefore, as the research findings show, while enterprise managers carry out the CSR behavior intention of different interested parties, the factor of their behavior intention shows apparently positive effect on the perspectives of ¡§the community¡¨ and ¡§the shareholder¡¨; conversely, the factor doesn¡¦t show significant effect on ¡§the customer¡¨ and ¡§the employees¡¨. In addition, according to attitude belief of different CSR levels, there is the apparently positive effect between ¡§heteronomy responsibility¡¨ and ¡§autonomy responsibility¡¨. The empirical results also demonstrate the positive correlation between CSR behaviors presented in the past time and those presented in the future. In terms of cross analysis between CSR empirical model and the characteristics of CSR media reports, except ¡§community responsibility¡¨, higher intention and higher behavior presenters have better performances while facing positive and self-discipline news. Finally, the study suggests that it is necessary to enhance the attitude and belief of ¡§community responsibility¡¨, as well as of ¡§shareholder responsibility¡¨ in order to improve the fulfillment of CSR.