Submitted by ADRIANA MAURA BARBOZA MERLIN null (drimerlin@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-16T02:05:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Efeito do MEI (Multiple Exemplar Instruction) na integração entre repertórios de ouvinte e falante em crianças com Desordem do Espectro da Neuropatia Auditiva e implante coclear.pdf: 1899105 bytes, checksum: d8d54b35191a2f700898f07ef9b574b9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-05-16T14:55:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 merlin_amb_me_bauru.pdf: 1899105 bytes, checksum: d8d54b35191a2f700898f07ef9b574b9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-16T14:55:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 merlin_amb_me_bauru.pdf: 1899105 bytes, checksum: d8d54b35191a2f700898f07ef9b574b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-28 / Estudos da parceria entre a Fonoaudiologia e Análise do Comportamento têm investigado sob quais condições de ensino implantados cocleares pré-linguais aprendem habilidades auditivas e as relações que estabelecem com a produção oral. Uma rota que permite a extensão do controle entre repertórios verbais é o Ensino por Múltiplos Exemplares (do inglês Multiple Exemplar Instruction, MEI), que tem sido pouco explorada em estudos com usuários de implante coclear. Este estudo objetivou investigar o efeito do ensino por MEI sobre a integração entre repertórios de ouvinte e falante em crianças com Desordem do Espectro da Neuropatia Auditiva (DENA) e usuárias de implante coclear (IC). Participaram três crianças com 6 anos de idade, uma do sexo feminino e duas do sexo masculino, com o diagnóstico de DENA e um quadro de perda auditiva severa-profunda, bilateral e pré-lingual. Todos os participantes usavam implante coclear uni ou bilateral, frequentavam o ensino regular e recebiam atendimento multidisciplinar no follow-up do serviço de implante coclear. Os participantes apresentavam maturidade intelectual típica e reconhecimento auditivo inferior à idade cronológica, aferidos pela Escala Colúmbia de Maturidade Intelectual e o Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-4R). Foram adotados estímulos auditivos e figuras que corresponderam às palavras (substantivos) e sentenças de dois termos (substantivos+adjetivos), que foram convencionais (para GABI e SOZA) e não convencionais (para DOZA). O estudo empregou um delineamento de sondas múltiplas e foi composto por sondas e ensino. As sondas foram intercaladas com o ensino e avaliaram as relações de discriminação condicional auditivo-visual, de tato e de ecoico para os estímulos de todas as unidades. O ensino foi organizado em duas unidades e cada unidade tinha dois passos; no passo 1, eram ensinadas relações verbais envolvendo apenas substantivos; no passo 2, substantivos+adjetivos. Os blocos de ensino foram estruturados por MEI e apresentavam de maneira rotativa as tarefas de ecoico, de ouvir baseado em seleção (discriminação condicional auditiva-visual) e de tato. Na primeira sonda (pré-teste), os participantes apresentaram desempenhos de ouvinte com variabilidade (100% de acertos para GABI, 60% para SOZA e nulo para DOZA) e os desempenhos de falante foram discrepantes, com porcentagem de acertos nos desempenhos de falante superior ou inferior ao de ouvinte. Os números de sessões variaram entre os participantes, até atingirem a maior porcentagem de acertos nas tarefas de ouvinte e de falante. Ainda que o repertório de ouvinte fosse mais preciso e aprendido primeiro, todos aumentaram a porcentagem de acertos nos desempenhos de falante que ficaram próximos aos de ouvinte após o ensino. Nas sondas que sucederam o ensino com substantivos, GABI e SOZA mantiveram os desempenhos em ouvir e falar e demonstraram a extensão de controle dos estímulos do Passo 1 (substantivo) para o Passo 2 (substantivo+adjetivo), mesmo que ainda não tivesse sido diretamente ensinado. Discute-se o potencial do uso clínico do MEI no estabelecimento, integração e extensão dos repertórios de ouvinte e falante em crianças com DENA e IC. / Studies of the partnership between Speech-Language Pathology and Behavioral Analysis have investigated under which teaching conditions that pre-lingual implanted cochlear learn listening skills and the relations that establish with oral production. A route that can be to promote the extension of control between verbal repertoires is designated Multiple Exemplary Instruction (MEI), which has been little explored in studies with cochlear implants users. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MEI’ teaching on the integration between listening and speaking repertoires in children with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (DENA) and cochlear implants users (CI). Participants were three 6-year-old children, one female and two males, with the diagnosis of DENA and a severe-profund, bilateral and pre-lingual hearing loss. All participants used a uni or bilateral cochlear implant, attended regular education and received multidisciplinary care in the follow-up of the cochlear implant service. Participants had typical intellectual maturity and auditory recognition lower the chronological age, measured by Columbia and PPVT-4R tests. Auditory stimuli and figures that corresponded to words (nouns) and sentences of two terms (nouns + adjectives) were used, which were conventional (GABI and SOZA) and nonconventional (DOZA). The study employed a multiple probe design and was composed of probes and teaching. The probes were intercalated with the teaching and evaluated the conditional auditory-visual relations, tact and echoic for the stimuli of all units. Teaching was organized into two units and each unit had two steps; in step 1, verbal relations involving only nouns were taught; in step 2, nouns + adjectives. The teaching blocks were structured by MEI and presented in a rotative way the tasks of echoic, listening based on selection (auditory-visual conditional discrimination) and tact. In the first probe (pre-test), the participants presented listener performances with variability (100% of GABI hits, 60% for SOZA and nil for DOZA) and the speaker performances were discrepant, with correct response percentage higher or lower than the listener. Participants required, an average, of eight sessions in the teaching until they achieved the highest percentage in the listening and speaking tasks. Although the listener's repertoire was more accurate and learned first, they all increased the correct response percentage in the performances of the speakers who were close to those of the listener after teaching. In the probes that succeeded teaching with nouns, GABI and SOZA maintained the listening and speaking performances and demonstrated the control extension of the stimuli from Step 1(noun) to Step 2 (noun + adjective), even though it had not yet been taught directly. The potential of the clinical use of MEI in the establishment, integration and extension of the listener and speaker repertoires in children with DENA and CI is discussed.

L'efficacité de la reconnaissance auditive peut être décrite et quantifiée suivant deux aspects différents : la quantité d'information nécessaire pour y parvenir et sa rapidité. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer expérimentalement ces deux aspects. Dans une première partie expérimentale, nous nous sommes intéressés à la quantité d'information en créant des représentations parcimonieuses de sons naturels originaux appelées esquisses auditives. Nous avons montré qu'une esquisse auditive est reconnue malgré la quantité très limitée d'information auditive présente dans les stimuli. Pour l'analyse des stimuli auditifs, nous avons développé un modèle de distance auditive entre catégories sonores. Pour l'analyse des performances des participants, nous avons développé un modèle pour le calcul de la sensibilité par catégorie sonore et tenant compte du biais, qui s'intègre dans la théorie de détection du signal. Ces analyses nous ont permis de montrer qu'en réalité les résultats ne sont pas équivalents entre les différentes catégories sonores. La voix se démarque des autres catégories testées (e.g. instruments de musique) : la technique de sélection de l'information parcimonieuse ne semble pas adaptée aux indices de la voix. Dans une seconde partie expérimentale, nous avons étudié le décours temporel de la reconnaissance auditive. Afin d'estimer le temps nécessaire au système auditif pour reconnaître un son, nous avons utilisé un récent paradigme de présentation audio séquentielle rapide (RASP, pour Rapid Audio Sequential Presentation). Nous avons montré que moins de 50 ms suffisent pour reconnaître un son naturel court, avec une meilleure reconnaissance pour la pour la voix humaine. / The efficacy of auditory recognition relies on two different aspects: the quantity of information necessary and the processing speed. The objective of this thesis was to experimentally evaluate these two aspects. In a first experimental part, we explored the amount of information by creating sparse representations of original natural sounds to form what is called auditory sketches. We showed that an auditory sketch is recognizable despite the very limited quantity of auditory information in the stimuli. To achieve these results, we dedicated an important part of our work on the elaboration of adequate tools in function of the tested sound categories. Thus, for the analysis of auditory stimuli, we have developed an auditory distance model between sound categories. For the analysis of the performances of the participants, we have developed a model to calculate the sensitivity by sound category and taking into account the bias, which falls within the signal detection theory. These analyses allowed us to show that, actually, the results are not equivalent between the different sound categories. Voices stand out from the other categories tested (e.g. musical instruments): the technique of selection of the sparse information does not seem adapted to the voice features. In a second experimental part, we investigated the temporal course of auditory recognition. To estimate the time necessary for the auditory system to recognize a sound, we used a recent paradigm of Rapid Audio Sequential Presentation (RASP). We showed that less than 50 ms are enough to recognize a short natural sound, with a better recognition for the human voice.