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In the information era, reading becomes more important to keep up with the growing amount of knowledge. The ability to read a document varies from person to person depending on their skills and knowledge. It also depends on the readability level of the text, whether it matches the reader’s level or not. In this thesis, we propose a system that uses state-of-the-art technology in machine learning and deep learning to classify and simplify a text taking into consideration the reader’s level of reading. The system classifies any text to its equivalent readability level. If the text readability level is higher than the reader’s level, i.e. too difficult to read, the system performs text simplification to meet the desired readability level. The classification and simplification models are trained on data annotated with readability levels from in the Newsela corpus. The trained simplification model performs at sentence level, to simplify a given text to match a specific readability level. Moreover, the trained classification model is used to classify more unlabelled sentences using Wikipedia Corpus and Mechanical Turk Corpus in order to enrich the text simplification dataset. The augmented dataset is then used to improve the quality of the simplified sentences. The system generates simplified versions of a text based on the desired readability levels. This can help people with low literacy to read and understand any documents they need. It can also be beneficial to educators who assist readers with different reading levels.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第24027号 / 情博第783号 / 新制||情||133(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 河原 達也, 教授 黒橋 禎夫, 教授 西野 恒 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

Syfte. Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturöversikt var att undersöka det vetenskapliga underlaget avseende långsiktig stabilitet hos olika typer av benersättningsmaterial i kombination med implantatinstallation.Material och metod. En elektronisk sökning gjordes med hjälp av PubMed och Web of Science. Block med sökord konstruerades och skrevs in i sökmotorerna för att hitta studier med implantatbehandling i kombination med benaugmentation, med en radiologisk uppföljning efter minst 2 år. Funna artiklar granskades i förhållande till förutbestämda inklusions- och exklusionskriterier. Data från inkluderade studier registrerades. Risken för bias i de inkluderade studierna bedömdes enligt modifierade protokoll.Resultat. Den elektroniska sökningen resulterade i 1183 studier, varav 14 studier med antingen autogent, allogent, xenogent eller alloplastiskt benersättningsmaterial inkluderades i denna litteraturöversikt. Resultatet från studierna visade en stor skillnad i både tekniker och material.Slutsats. Den generella slutsatsen i denna studie är att den marginella benförlusten vid dentala implantat som placerats i augmenterat ben inte överstiger 1 mm inom två år. En mer exakt slutsats om den marginella bennivåns stabilitet kunde inte dras på grund av de stora skillnaderna mellan de inkluderade studierna. Det finns ett behov av fler högkvalitativa studier med långtidsuppföljning som undersöker och jämför den marginella bennivåns stabilitet för olika benersättningsmaterial. / Aim. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the literature available regarding long-term stability of different bone augmentation materials in combination with dental implant treatment.Material and methods. An electronic search was done using PubMed and Web of Science. Blocks with keywords were constructed and inserted into the search engines to find studies involving implant treatment in combination with bone augmentation, with a radiographic follow-up of at least 2 years. Found articles were reviewed in relation to predetermined inclusion- and exclusion criteria. Data from included studies was extracted. Included studies were assessed of risk of bias according to modified protocols. Results. The electronic search yielded 1183 studies. 14 studies using either autogenous, allogeneic, xenogeneic or alloplastic augmentation materials was included in this review. The results from the data extraction process showed a wide variation in both materials and techniques used.Conclusion. The general conclusion drawn from this study is that marginal bone loss around dental implants placed in augmented bone does not exceed 1 mm within two years post-operatively. A more precise conclusion regarding marginal bone level stability could not be drawn due to the heterogeneity of the included studies. There is a need for additional high-quality studies with long-term follow-up, investigating and comparing marginal bone level stability for different bone augmentation materials.