This thesis examines how the countering violent extremism initiatives implemented by the Australian government since 2011 have been received by Muslim communities in Sydney and the impact such measures have had, particularly, for those communities. Investigating the reception and impact of such initiatives both for and within Muslim communities, is vital in order to understand the scope of their reach and their efficiency. This thesis – addressing the lack of literature on this issue - will take the form of a case study of such programmes and their receipt by Muslim communities in Sydney, using primarily, qualitative research gathered through the use of semi-structured and unstructured interviews, as well as focus groups within Muslim communities in Sydney and policy reports gathered by both governmental and non-governmental bodies. Through an examination of the discourse adopted by the Howard government, in the period from 2001 to 2007, this study unearths and highlights the hostile, anti-Muslim environment in which the countering violent extremism measures were introduced. This environment was characterised by racism, negative stereotyping and vindication. Furthermore, through an analysis of this anti-Muslim and anti-immigrant narrative and discourse, the perceived threat posed by militant Islam to Australia and its interests constitutes both a process and discourse of securitisation by both the Howard government and the media. Data from fieldwork serves to evidence and reiterate the anti-Muslim undercurrent of Howard’s discourse maintaining the suspect community narrative and culminating in the securitisation of the Muslim population. The poor receipt of these measures by Muslim communities and the detrimental impact in terms of further marginalisation, alienation, and suspicion are testament to the counter-terror discourse and the growth in community based counter-terror measures.

Does Max Weber's hypothesis, that says that the Protestant Ethic gave rise to rational capitalism, explain the economic modernization of South Korea? The Protestant Ethic comprises predestination, radical ("rugged") individualism, innerworldly asceticism, the work ethic, permission by the government to practice usury (exploitation of fellow man), and an assault on charity (once wealth is acquired, do not give it away). / This study surveys the history of Korea with emphasis upon the impact of Christianity as a formative and motivating force in the development of that country's rational capitalistic economy. The author analyzes the effect upon Korean society of this foreign religion, beginning with its introduction in 1784 until 1984, and summarizes its influence upon various major institutions: (1) indigenous religions, (2) family life, (3) government, (4) education, and (5) economy. / The author shows that Weber's hypothesis partially explains South Korea's economic miracle. In the case of South Korea, innerworldly asceticism, the work ethic, and radical ("rugged") individualism (as is manifested among yangban entrepreneurs) contributed to economic growth; however, predestination, an essential component of Weber's theory, plays no role. In its place, patriotic nationalism became a driving force; other essential factors were: Japan imposing state capitalism upon colonial Korea, South Korean governmental leadership's commitment to economic growth, the normalization with Japan in 1965, and favorable or expanding international economic opportunities. Usury, another essential element in Weber's theory, proved irrelevant in South Korea. Koreans had practiced usury for centuries prior to the introduction of Christianity. Also irrelevant was the need to assault charity because South Korea received foreign aid, which accounted for about 10% of her GNP per year from 1954 to 1975. / Although the role of Christianity in the economic modernization of South Korea was not as influential as anticipated, nevertheless, Weber's theory has some merits. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 48-05, Section: A, page: 1288. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1984.

This exploratory, descriptive research used a case study approach to analyse the role of the midwife in providing maternal and infant care in Australia. Midwives from the states of New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia comprised the target population. These midwives were considered to be representative of the general midwifery population practising in the diverse settings of Australia.A triangulation of methods (Denzin, 1970) was used for data collection. This included observational field work, a questionnaire survey of a randomly selected sample of registered midwives (n=1754), and in-depth interviews (n=75), using a grounded theory approach (Glaser and Strauss, 1967; Strauss and Corbin, 1990).The questionnaire, in-depth interviews and observational field work addressed the practice of midwives:1. as documented in policies and procedures in practice settings.2. as defined by the Australian College of Midwives Incorporated in Standards for the Practice of Midwifery (1989), based on the International Confederation of Midwives' Definition of a Midwife (World Health Organisation, 1976).Data obtained through the survey questionnaire were analysed using descriptive analysis (Wilson, 1985) to portray a summarization of the entire data set. A thematic content analysis was used for the open-ended questions of the survey (Burnard, 1991). In an attempt to discover the 'how and why' questions associated with the study's survey findings, the constant comparative method of analysis of data from in-depth interviews was deemed appropriate (Glaser, 1978; Field and Morse, 1985; Chenitz and Swanson, 1986). This allowed a more abstract level of conceptualization that led to the development of a paradigm reflective of the midwives' practice domain (Strauss and Corbin, 1990).Lack of opportunities to practise throughout all stages of pregnancy and childbirth was identified as ++ / the major problem limiting the Australian midwives' practice domain. An explanatory process of Optimising Opportunities for Holistic Midwifery Practice emerged explaining midwives' actions and interactions throughout the four stages of optimising: revealing the image; influencing decision making; changing the paradigm; and expanding the profession.The findings of the study provide an analysis of Australian midwifery practice that considers factors facilitating and/or impeding the professional role and development of Australian midwives, and their ability to provide care that meets consumer needs.

National trends in nurse education have changed from the Nightingale system of on-the-job training to a professional preparation in institutions of higher learning. Western Australia was one of the first States in Australia to commence a professional preparation of nurses at an institution of higher education in 1975. Graduates of the program were presented with their Bachelor of Applied Science from the Western Australian Institute of Technology (now Curtin University of Technology), in March 1979. This thesis seeks to answer the question concerning the genesis of such an event. The focus of the study is primarily to follow the progress of general nurse education in Western Australia and to highlight the accompanying influences that shaped its development. The purpose of this study was to explore, analyse, interpret and describe the history of nurse education in Western Australia from 1962-1975. The study used a pluralistic approach employing a variety of historical methods. The research commenced with broad questions and ideas developed from documents and people. The process of data collection, historical criticism and analysis took place simultaneously. The synthesis was written as a chronological narrative. The material of the study thus 'spoke' for itself by providing answers to questions raised during the investigation. The history of nurse education from 1962 to 1975 revealed visible milestones that represented nurse education reform. Beginning from the antecedents of the study these were the sanctioning of a review of nurse training in 1960 together with the commencement of the Western Australian Nursing Survey and the appointment of the Nurses Registration Board Education Officer. In 1962 the survey was completed. / It exposed the deficits of nurse training which led to the development of a new Hospital Based Diploma curriculum and an Associate Diploma in Nursing in 1966. The establishment of the College of Nursing Australia Western Australian Branch in 1966 paved the way to solve the shortage of tutors to implement the Hospital Based Diploma. The Nurses Act in 1970 enhanced the plans for implementing the Hospital Based Diploma and conferred autonomy to the Nurses Registration Board. In 1973 the first independent school of nursing came into being. The Western Australian School of Nursing carried the hopes of a continuation of hospital nurse training. In 1974, however, the entry of students to the Western Australian Institute of Technology School of Nursing saw a turn of events that led to a degree for nurses in 1975 and a decision for the transfer of all nurse education in Western Australia to the Western Australian Institute of Technology. These milestones did not emerge as an accident of history. There were forces that facilitated and impeded the perceptibility of the reform landmarks. These were crucial in the shaping the history of nurse education in Western Australia from 1962-1975.

This exegesis describes and interprets a body of work produced by the writer from 1991 until 2001. This work includes three State Government reports and a commentary on the Workers Compensation and Rehabilitation Act 1981 (WA) contained in a Loose-leaf service published by Butterworths. In addition four refereed journal articles are included to complement the final report completed in 200l.This work shows the progressive development of a framework to describe the Western Australian compensation system. The first report, completed in 1991, explores the links between the resolution of disputed compensation claims and other elements of the compensation system. The second report, completed in 1999, is concerned with the issue of cost containment within the compensation system and the final report, completed in 2001, combines the insights of the previous two reports with the work of other commentators to develop a broad holistic framework for a compensation system in Western Australia. Underpinning the compilation of the three government reports is the legal analysis contained in the Workers Compensation Western Australia Loose-leaf service. These works, taken together with the four journal articles, evidence a link between theory and practice which provides the framework for a holistic approach to workers compensation in Western Australia.

This thesis examined the hypotheses that the mucus lining of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of Australian marsupials is colonised with large populations of spiral and fusiform shaped bacteria, many of which belong to the genus Helicobacter and that these Helicobacter species are likely be unique. The presence of spiral and fusiform shaped bacteria in the GIT of 8 Australian marsupial species (32 animals in total) was examined using microscopy, culture and Helicobacter genus specific PCR. The marsupials studied included the brushtail possum, ringtail possum, koala, wombat, Eastern grey kangaroo, Tasmanian devil, Eastern quoll and long nosed bandicoot. The spiral and fusiform shaped isolates were characterised and identified using morphological appearance, Helicobacter genus specific PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons. The spatial distribution of Helicobacter species in the GIT sections was examined microscopically in silver stained sections of the GIT and using Fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) with a Helicobacter genus specific probe. Spiral and/or fusiform shaped bacteria were detected and/or isolated from all marsupials studied. The prevalence and bacterial load of these organisms was found to differ in each marsupial species. These bacteria were found to belong to 3 different genera (Helicobacter, Campylobacter and Desulfovibrio). Each marsupial species appeared to be colonised with one or more unique Helicobacter species. Comparison of the detection of Helicobacter species in different groups of marsupials (herbivores, omnivores and carnivores) suggests that diet as well as the function and structure of the GIT may have a significant impact on their colonisation. Phylogenetic analysis of the new possum Helicobacters showed that they shared a common ancestor. Comparison of Helicobacter species isolated from different species of marsupial and placental mammals, as well as birds, showed that differences in environmental location i.e. gastric vs lower bowel had a major impact on the position of the Helicobacters on the phylogenetic tree.

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