This thesis is mainly concerned with the estimation of parameters in autoregressive models with censored data. For convenience, attention is restricted to the first-order stationary autoregressive (AR(1)) model in which the response random variables are subject to right-censoring. In their present form, currently available methods of estimation in regression analysis with censored autocorrelated data, which includes the MLE, are applicable only if the errors of the AR component of the model are Gaussian. Use of these methods in AR processes with non-Gaussian errors requires, essentially, rederivations of the estimators. Hence, in this thesis, we propose new estimators which arerobust in the sense that they can be applied with minor or no modifications to AR models with non-Gaussian. We propose three estimators, two of which the form of the distribution of the errors needs to be specified. The third estimator is a distribution-free estimator. As the reference to this estimator suggests, it is free from distributional assumptions in the sense that the error distribution is calculated from the observed data. Hence, it can be used in a wide variety of applications.In the first part of the thesis, we present a summary of the various currently available estimators for the linear regression model with censored independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) data. In our review of these estimators, we note that the linear regression model with censored i.i.d. data has been studied quite extensively. Yet, use of autoregressive models with censored data has received very little attention. Hence, the remainder of the thesis focuses on the estimation of parameters for censored autocorrelated data. First, as part of the study, we review currently available estimators in regression with censored autocorrelated data. Then we present descriptions of the new estimators for censored ++ / autocorrelated data. With the view that extensions to the AR(p), model, p > 1, and to left-censored data can be easily achieved, all the estimators, both currently available and new, are discussed in the context of the AR(1) model. Next, we establish some asymptotic results for the estimators in which specification of the form of the error distribution is necessary. This is followed by a simulation study based on Monte Carlo experiments in which we evaluate and compare the performances of the new and currently available estimators among themselves and with the least-squares estimator for the uncensored case. The performances of the asymptotic variance estimators of the parameter estimators are also evaluated.In summary, we establish that for each of the two new estimators for which the distribution of the errors is assumed known, under suitable conditions on the moments of the error distribution function, if the estimator is consistent, then it is also asymptotically normally distributed. For one of these estimators, if the errors are Gaussian and alternate observations are censored, then the estimator is consistent. Hence, for this special case, the estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal. The simulation results suggest that this estimator is comparable with the distribution-free estimator and a currently available pseudolikelihood (PL) estimator. All three estimators perform worse than the least squares estimator for the uncensored case. The MLE and another currently available PL estimator perform comparably not only with the least squares estimator for the uncensored case but also with estimators from the abovementioned group of three estimators, which includes the distribution-free estimator. The other new estimator for which the form of the error distribution is assumed known compares favourably with the least- squares estimator for the uncensored case ++ / and better than the rest of the estimators when the true value of the autoregression parameter is 0.2. When the true value of the parameter is 0.5, this estimator performs comparably with the rest of the estimators and worse when the true value of the parameter is O.S. The simulation results of the asymptotic variance estimators suggest that for each estimator and for a fixed value of the true autoregression parameter, if the error distribution is fixed and the censoring rate is constant, the asymptotic formulas lead to values which are asymptotically insensitive to the censoring pattern. Also, the estimated asymptotic variances decrease as the sample size increases and their behaviour, with respect to changes in the true value of autoregression parameter, is consistent with the behaviour of the asymptotic variance of the least-squares estimator for the uncensored case.Some suggestions for possible extensions conclude the thesis.

<p>The use of process capability indices in the industry is traditionally based on the assumptions that a sample from a process are observations on independently, identically and normally distributed random variables<i>, IIN</i>. However, all three assumptions are open to discussion and in this thesis, the estimation of the indices is studied when the assumption of independence is not fulfilled.</p><p>In five reports, the indices <i>C</i><i>pk</i> and <i>C</i><i>pm </i>are studied, and instead of random samples, samples are regarded as observations on a time series.</p><p>In the first four reports, each index is studied for either an <i>AR(1)</i> or an <i>MA(1)</i> process and the fifth report, both indices are studied for a general <i>ARMA(p,q</i>) process.</p><p>In all reports, alternatives to <i>C</i><i>pk</i><i> </i>and <i>C</i><i>pm</i><i> </i>are suggested as well as point and interval estimators for the suggested indices. The accuracy of interval estimators are evaluated through large Monte Carlo simulations and the difference between empirical coverage rates and nominal confidence limits are calculated.</p><p>It was found in all reports that a dependency among observations has a great impact on the coverage rates. The coverage rate difference depends on both the size of the autocorrelation and the type of time series model and for the original <i>C</i><i>pk</i> and <i>C</i><i>pm</i> the difference can be large. With the suggested alternative indices, however, the differences are always reduced and unless the autocorrelations are close to ±1, the sizes of differences are of little consequence.</p>

The use of process capability indices in the industry is traditionally based on the assumptions that a sample from a process are observations on independently, identically and normally distributed random variables, IIN. However, all three assumptions are open to discussion and in this thesis, the estimation of the indices is studied when the assumption of independence is not fulfilled. In five reports, the indices Cpk and Cpm are studied, and instead of random samples, samples are regarded as observations on a time series. In the first four reports, each index is studied for either an AR(1) or an MA(1) process and the fifth report, both indices are studied for a general ARMA(p,q) process. In all reports, alternatives to Cpk and Cpm are suggested as well as point and interval estimators for the suggested indices. The accuracy of interval estimators are evaluated through large Monte Carlo simulations and the difference between empirical coverage rates and nominal confidence limits are calculated. It was found in all reports that a dependency among observations has a great impact on the coverage rates. The coverage rate difference depends on both the size of the autocorrelation and the type of time series model and for the original Cpk and Cpm the difference can be large. With the suggested alternative indices, however, the differences are always reduced and unless the autocorrelations are close to ±1, the sizes of differences are of little consequence.