<p>Ninety-five percent of all roadway crashes are attributed fully or partially to human error, and a multitude of safety-related programs, policies, and initiatives have seen limited success in reducing roadway crashes and their accompanying fatalities, injuries, and property damage. For this reason, safety professionals have lauded the emergence of autonomous vehicles (AVs) as a promising palliative to the persistent problem of road crashes. Such optimism is reflected in recent literature that have argues from a conceptual standpoint, that road safety enhancement will be one of the prospective benefits of AV operations because automation removes humans from vehicle driving operations and therefore criminates or mitigates human error. It can be argued that the safety benefits of AVs will be manifest when AV market penetration reaches 100%. However, it seems clear from a practical standpoint that the transition from a system of exclusively human-driven vehicles (HDVs) to that of exclusively AVs will not only be necessary but also an arduous journey. This transition period will be characterized by heterogeneous traffic, where human-driven vehicles (HDVs) and AVs share the road space, and whence the prospective safety benefits of AVs may not be fully realized due to human error arising from the HDV operations in the mixed traffic space. These traffic conflicts, which may lead to collisions, could arise from any of several contexts of driving maneuvers, one of which is aggressive lane changes, the focus of this thesis. From the literature, it is clear that lane changing is inherently more collision-prone compared to most other maneuvers including car following, and therefore the consequences of errant human driving behavior such as inattention of misjudgment during lane changing, are more severe. To address this problem, this thesis developed a control framework to be used by AVs to help them avoid collision in a mixed traffic stream with human drivers who exhibit aggressive lane-changing behavior. The developed framework, which is based on a Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach, is designed to control the AV’s movements safely by duly accommodating potential human error from the HDVs that could otherwise lead to any of two common collision patterns: rear-end and side-impact. Further, the thesis investigated how connectivity between the HDVs, and AVs could facilitate joint operational decision-making and sharing of real-time information, thereby further enhancing the safety of the entire traffic stream. Finally, the thesis presents the results of driving simulations carried out to test and validate the performance of the control framework under different traffic conditions.</p>

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of different types of description of cyberphysical systems. It also concerns a description of the selected method that meets most of the current requirements for CPS design. In the practical part, attention is paid to the elaboration of an example for the specification of a selected cyberphysical system.

Проблема оценки рисков при реализации сложных энергетических проектов чрезвычайно актуальна, поскольку подобные проекты представляют собой сложные планы, масштаб которых может охватывать не только отдельные предприятия, но и города, а также целые регионы. В настоящее время в российской энергетике постепенно создаются условия для внедрения риск-ориентированного управления энергоактивами за счет совершенствования нормативно-правового и нормативно-технического регулирования. Однако подобный переход еще находится на начальном этапе и вопросы оценки рисков в проектах продолжают оставаться в ведении энергокомпаний. Целью работы является комплексная оценка рисков внедрения энергоэффективных проектов в теплоснабжающих компаниях. Научная новизна состоит в систематизации специфических рисков, сопровождающих реализацию проекта внедрения автоматизированной системы управления теплоснабжением в г. Пермь. Практическая значимость - результаты, полученные в работе, могут быть использованы при управлении рисками в аналогичных проектах ПАО «Т Плюс». / The problem of risk assessment in the implementation of complex energy projects is extremely relevant, since such projects are complex plans, the scale of which can cover not only individual enterprises, but also cities, as well as entire regions. Currently, conditions are gradually being created in the Russian energy sector for the introduction of risk-based management of energy assets by improving regulatory and technical regulation. However, such a transition is still at the initial stage and the issues of risk assessment in projects continue to be the responsibility of energy companies. The purpose of this work is a comprehensive assessment of the risks of implementing energy-efficient projects in heat supply companies. The scientific novelty consists in the systematization of specific risks accompanying the implementation of the project of the automated heat supply management system in Perm. Practical significance - the results obtained in this work can be used in risk management in similar projects of PJSC “T Plus”.