Os sistemas de Informações Geográficas foram desenvolvidos com os avanços das Ciências da Computação, com base nos conceitos das Ciências Geodésicas, para serem aplicados em áreas onde os dados espaciais são utilizados. Procura-se obter uma otimização desta tecnologia, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de sistemas aplicativos interativos. Abordam-se conceitos relativos a modelagem de dados espaciais. Analisam-se a aplicação no mundo real e no modelo conceitual decorrentes. Formula-se um modelo físico com base na Emergência Médica, obtendo-se um sistema que integra programas de saúde para localização de pacientes. / The Geographic Information Systems has been developed based on the progress of the computer sciences, using concepts of the geodesic sciences, to by applied where spatial data are need. This technology is optimized and interactive systems are made. Concepts relative to spatial data modeling are discussed. The application on the real world and the conceptual model is analyzed. The physical model is formulated based on the medical emergency, to obtain a system that integrates health programs to find patients.

Os sistemas de Informações Geográficas foram desenvolvidos com os avanços das Ciências da Computação, com base nos conceitos das Ciências Geodésicas, para serem aplicados em áreas onde os dados espaciais são utilizados. Procura-se obter uma otimização desta tecnologia, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de sistemas aplicativos interativos. Abordam-se conceitos relativos a modelagem de dados espaciais. Analisam-se a aplicação no mundo real e no modelo conceitual decorrentes. Formula-se um modelo físico com base na Emergência Médica, obtendo-se um sistema que integra programas de saúde para localização de pacientes. / The Geographic Information Systems has been developed based on the progress of the computer sciences, using concepts of the geodesic sciences, to by applied where spatial data are need. This technology is optimized and interactive systems are made. Concepts relative to spatial data modeling are discussed. The application on the real world and the conceptual model is analyzed. The physical model is formulated based on the medical emergency, to obtain a system that integrates health programs to find patients.

In this paper, a heuristic backtracking search algorithm is proposed to adjust the phasing arrangement of primary feeders and laterals for phase balancing of distribution systems. The phase unbalance index of distribution feeders is calculated based on the phasing current magnitude of each line segment and branch, which has been solved by a 3-phase load flow program. The database of an automated mapping/facility management (AM/FM) system is used to retrieve the component attributes and topology process is executed to determine the electrical network configuration and to identify the customers served by each distribution transformer. By using the monthly energy consumption of the customers in customer information system (CIS) and the typical daily load patterns of customer classes, the hourly loading profiles of distribution transformers can be derived, which can be integrated to solve the load demand of each service zone. By this manner, the individual phase loadings of each primary feeder and lateral can be determined based on the phasing of distribution transformers and the power consumption served. The optimal phase balancing of distribution systems is performed by heuristic rule-based searching process to minimize the phase unbalance index so that the proper phasings of a primary feeder and its lateral can be assigned. To demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed methodology to enhance three-phase balancing of distribution systems, a practical distribution feeder with 2754 customers are selected for computer simulation. It is concluded that three phase balancing of distribution systems can be obtained by properly phasing design of primary feeders and laterals by considering customer load characteristics.