Les Centres de Ressources de Langues (CRL) de l’Université de Strasbourg constituent le terrain d’étude de la recherche. Ce dispositif vise le développement de l’autonomie d’apprentissage des étudiant.e.s, au même titre que celui de leurs compétences linguistiques. La présente recherche interroge la place et le rôle qu’y ont les enseignant.e.s en termes de soutien au développement de l’autonomie d’apprentissage. Pour ce faire, les postures de douze enseignant.e.s ont été approchées dans leurs deux expressions : leur posture déclarée (ce que les enseignant.e.s disent de l’autonomie d’apprentissage) a été recueillie au moyen du questionnaire développé par Borg et Al-Busaidi (2012a) ; leur posture incarnée a été appréhendée par des entretiens d’explicitation de l’action en re-situ subjectif. Un codage ouvert (Strauss et Corbin 2004), effectué selon une méthode inter-juges négociée (Garrison et al. 2006), a permis une analyse catégorielle relevant de la théorie ancrée (grounded theory). Les données ainsi collectées ont été traitées qualitativement, aboutissant à la rédaction d’une monographie par enseignant.e ; l’ensemble des monographies a ensuite été synthétisé et confronté aux principes fondamentaux. / This study was carried out at the Language Resource Centres of the University of Strasbourg, which are set up to develop student autonomy in language learning as well as linguistic competence. It examines, in this context, the place and role of teachers in terms of fostering student learning autonomy. In order to do this, twelve teachers were involved in reflecting upon their own beliefs and practice. Their beliefs – in relation to what they think, know and believe about learning autonomy – were gathered by means of a questionnaire developed by Borg and Al-Busaidi (2012a). Their practice – how they interact with students - was examined through interviews in which the teachers gave their own descriptions and explanations whilst reviewing their recorded teaching/learning session. An open coding (Strauss and Corbin, 2004), based on inter-rater agreement (Garrison et al., 2006), has enabled a category-based analysis related to grounded theory. The data thus collected have been analyzed qualitatively, resulting in the production of individual teacher monographs. These have then been related to the principles underlying language learner autonomy.

La tesi ha come oggetto lo sviluppo dell’autonomia nell’apprendimento delle lingue in contesto universitario. L’elaborato si articola in due parti. Nella prima si affronta il concetto di autonomia nell’apprendimento dal punto di vista teorico, storico e metodologico. Dopo una rassegna sui principali modelli di riferimento e un excursus su come il medesimo tema sia stato affrontato nei documenti e progetti del Consiglio d’Europa, ci si focalizza sulla funzione e organizzazione dei centri per l’autoapprendimento universitari, sulla trasformazione che stanno subendo da spazi fisici ad ambienti virtuali e sul ruolo dei consulenti linguistici. La seconda parte del lavoro si basa sull’osservazione critica di due studi di caso, svolti presso il Centro per l’Autoapprendimento dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (CAP), aventi come protagonisti studenti internazionali di italiano L2. Il primo studio costituisce una ricostruzione sull’utilizzo del Centro e sulle attività di consulenza linguistica. Il secondo prende in esame una sperimentazione didattica, incentrata sulla collaborazione tra consulente linguistico e docente di lingua, finalizzata a stimolare all’apprendimento autonomo dell’italiano un gruppo di studenti internazionali selezionato. I risultati delle due indagini sono analizzati e commentati per permettere una riflessione sulle attività del CAP al fine di migliorarle e proporre buone pratiche didattiche utili allo sviluppo dell’autonomia nell’apprendimento dell’italiano L2. / The aim of the thesis is to investigate the development of autonomy in language learning at university. The work consists of two parts. The first deals with the concept of learning autonomy from a theoretical, historical and methodological point of view. After a review of the main reference models and an excursus on how the same subject has been addressed in the documents and projects of the Council of Europe, the study focuses on the function and organization of self-access learning centers, on the transformation they are undergoing from physical spaces to virtual environments and on the role of language advisors. The second part of the work concerns two case studies, carried out at the Centro per l’Autoapprendimento (CAP) of Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, with international students of Italian L2. The first case study examines how the students make use of the Center and of the language advising activities. The second describes a didactic experiment on the collaboration between language advisor and language teacher, aimed at bringing a selected group of international students closer to autonomous learning of Italian. The results of the two case studies are analysed and commented to reflect on the activities of the CAP in order to improve them and to propose good teaching practices useful for the development of autonomy in Italian L2 learning.

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