No description available.

The correlation of cascade experimental data is one method for obtaining compressor stage characteristics. These correlations specify pressure loss and flow turning caused by the blades. Current open literature correlations used in streamline curvature codes are inadequate for general application to high-speed transonic axial-flow compressors. The objective of this research was to investigate and evaluate the available correlations and ultimately discover sets of correlations which best fit the empirical data to be used in streamline curvature codes. Correlations were evaluated against experimental data from NASA Rotor 1-B and NASA Stage 35. It was found that no universal set of correlations was valid for minimum-loss point predictions. The Bloch shock loss model showed promising results in the stall regime for supersonic relative inlet Mach numbers. The Hearsey and Creveling off-minimum-loss deviation angle prediction performed consistently better than all other correlations tested. / Master of Science

This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of transitional flows in the blade boundary layers of axial compressors. Two experiments are described, the first examining in detail the transitional boundary layer on a simulated controlled-diffusion blade and the second surveying the mid-height flowfield in an embedded stage of a low-speed axial compressor. The velocity distribution on the simulated blade is identical to the Velocity distribution on the suction surface of the blades in the axial compressor. At 2 Reynolds numbers and 3 levels of freestream turbulence, a single hot wire was used to conduct a boundary layer survey on a simulated controlled-diffusion blade. Integral parameters of the boundary layers are explored to dene the length and nature of transition. At low Reynolds number there is a separated or near separated region at the leading edge which does not lead to turbulence. Transition covers a length of approximately 20% of the blade chord, starting between 20% and 30% chord. The position of transition is strongly influenced by the level of freestream turbulence. Most of the transition process occurs within the decelerating flow region which exists from 20% of the chord. At high Reynolds number, a leading edge separation bubble leads to transition within 2% of the blade chord. Abu-Ghannam & Shaws correlation for the start and length of transition was found to predict the start of transition well for attached flows, but could not be relied upon for separated flows. It is apparent that the correlation was not designed for the very strong Velocity gradients in the leading edge region, and probably not for separated flow. _ Three flow conditions in the axial compressor were used: design speed, peak efficiency, low Reynolds number at peak efficiency (the machine was slowed to one-quarter speed) and design speed near the stall. Using hot wires at mid-height, axial and circumferential velocity and turbulence information was obtained. Wakes and structure within wakes are visible in the turbulence and Reynolds stress distributions. The wakes of more than one upstream blade row are visible; the region where two wakes intersect gives some information about interaction between a stator blade Wake and a rotor blade boundary layer. Some information is available about the length scale 'distribution inside and outside wakes. Secondary flow in the axial-circumferential plane shows motion within wakes and a vortex in the near-stall flowfield, shed preferentially at one point in the blade-passing cycle.

Orientador: Jorge Isaias Llagostera Beltran / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T17:53:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_FernandodeOliveira_M.pdf: 4254683 bytes, checksum: 3714a253c99b8967319409a00b69058a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um programa computacional para modelagem inicial de compressores axiais de vários estágios pertencentes ao conjunto de turbinas a gás. O desenvolvimento do programa se baseia na metodologia adotada por Saravanamutto et al. (2001), faz uso da Primeira Lei da Termodinâmica para cálculo de potência consumida pelo compressor e da Segunda Lei da Termodinâmica para determinar o grau de irreversibilidade do sistema. O programa calcula a quantidade de estágios necessária para uma dada relação de pressão, a quantidade de palhetas por estágio e outros dados construtivos do compressor. O trabalho analisa a eficiência global de uma turbina a gás, avalia rendimento utilizando diferentes tipos combustíveis, estuda a influência da temperatura de entrada do ar no compressor, temperatura de entrada dos gases na turbina, e eficiência isentrópica do compressor e da turbina. Fatores que geram instabilidade no compressor são discutidos e algumas sugestões são apresentadas para evitar que compressores operem fora das condições iniciais. O trabalho apresenta procedimentos claros e detalhados para o préprojeto de um compressor de fluxo axial. Finalmente, o trabalho apresenta uma breve discussão sobre eficiência exergética de máquinas térmicas / Abstract: This work presents the developing of a computational program for designing axial compressors that hold multistage belonged gas turbine. The developing of the program is based on methodology adopted by Saravanamutto et al.(2001), it makes use of the First Law of Thermodynamic to calculate the power required by the axial compressor e the Second Law to calculate the level of irreversibilities. Beside of this the program presents the numbers of stages required for a given pressure ratio, the amount of blades per stage and other building parameters has been included to make a better analyze about the equipment. The work contains thermal efficiency analyzes of a gas turbines, where parameters such as fuels, temperature intlet turbine, environmental conditions, efficiency of the compressor and turbine are included. Other factors such as unstable conditions are discussed and solutions to avoid that axial compressors running in off design conditions. In summary the work provides a global view about thermal machines and how their parameters can influence both in the thermal and exergetic efficiency / Mestrado / Termica e Fluidos / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

No description available.