No description available.

Acyl phosphonates are interesting precursors for the synthesis of biologically active compounds. In the first part, the acyl phosphonates are synthesized starting from the corresponding acyl chloride. The acyl chlorides are converted into acyl phosphonates by using trialkylphosphites. The reaction of acyl phosphonates with aldehydes in the presence of proline furnished not the suggested aldol products via proline catalyzed aldol reaction but bicyclic products via one pot tricomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The formation of the bicyclic compound was suggested as followed / The formation of iminium salt of proline with aldehyde followed by decarboxylation furnished azomethine. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the formed azomethine with carbonyl group of acyl phosphonate afforded substituted hexahydro pyrrolo oxazole structures. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition forms the basis of the most preparatively useful procedures for the synthesis of five-membered heterocycles. One example is the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides (from imines) and alkenes, which allows the stereoselective synthesis of pyrrolidines or proline derivatives.

A novel application of the Pauson-Khand reaction was applied to the synthesis of a series of bridged azatricyclic piperazines. This method represents the first application of the Pauson-Khand reaction to synthesize azabridged scaffolds. The ubiquity of bridged azabicyclic ring systems in biologically active natural product skeletons has provided the synthetic chemist with a wealth of opportunity for development over the last century. To this day, the development of new methodologies to tackle these structurally challenging systems remains at the forefront of synthetic chemistry. During our efforts to achieve a total synthesis of the stemofoline alkaloids, we have thus far developed a novel and scalable synthetic strategy to access the fully functionalized caged azatricyclic core of these challenging alkaloids. The overall synthetic strategy we have implemented began with the commercially available and affordable 2-deoxy-D-ribose as a chiral starting material. Furthermore, we have developed a novel 1,3-dipole cascade cycloaddition, which was successfully employed as the key step in the construction of the bridged azatricyclic core of the stemofoline alkaloids. / text

No description available.

This thesis is divided into four separate parts with amino alcohols as the common feature. The first part of the thesis describes the development of an efficient three-component approach to the synthesis of α-hydroxy-β-amino esters. Utilizing a highly diastereoselective Rh(II)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of carbonyl ylides to various aldimines, syn-α-hydroxy-β-amino esters are formed in high yields and excellent diastereoselectivities. An asymmetric version was also developed by employing chiral α-methylbenzyl imines as dipolarophiles yielding enantiomerically pure syn-α-hydroxy-β-amino esters. This methodology was also applied on a short asymmetric synthesis of the paclitaxel side-chain as well as in an asymmetric synthetic approach towards the proteasome inhibitor omuralide. Furthermore, the use of chiral Rh(II) carboxylates furnishes the syn-α-hydroxy-β-amino esters in moderate enantioselectivity (er up to 82:18), which indicates that the reaction proceeds via a metal-associated carbonyl ylide. The second part describes the development of a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides to aldehydes for the synthesis of α-amino-β-hydroxy esters. Different methods for the generation of the ylides, including Vedejs’ oxazole methology and an Ag(I)/phosphine-catalyzed approach have been evaluated. The best results were obtained with the Ag(I)/phosphine approach, which yielded the desired α-amino-β-hydroxy ester in 68% yield and 3.4:1 syn:anti-selectivity. The last two parts deals with the total synthesis of the amino alcohol-containing natural products D-erythro-sphingosine and (−)-stemoamide. The key transformation in the sphingosine synthesis is a cross-metathesis reaction for the assembly of the polar head group and the aliphatic chain. In the stemoamide synthesis, the key feature is an iodoboration/Negishi/RCM-sequence for the construction of the β,γ-unsaturated azepine core of stemoamide followed by a stereoselective bromolactonization/1,4-reduction strategy for the installation of the requisite C8-C9 trans-stereochemistry. / QC 20100820

En vue d’effectuer des préparations sélectives de composés hétérocycliques, une étude de la synthèse et de la réactivité de 7-oxanorborna-2,5-diènes portant des groupes électroattracteurs différents sur les positions 2 et 3 a été réalisée. Ces composés sont des formes masquées de composés acétyléniques dissymétriques.Dans un premier temps, nous avons optimisé une nouvelle méthode de synthèse sélective d’acétylènedicarboxylates dissymétriques par mono-transestérification d’acétylènedicarboxylates de dialkyle symétriques avec des alcools en présence de la lipase de Candida rugosa. Cette méthode nous a permis d’obtenir les diesters dissymétriques avec de bons rendements et une haute sélectivité a priori inattendue.Dans un second temps, nous avons développé des synthèses régiosélectives de dérivés de l’acide 7-oxanorborna-2,5-diène-2,3-dicarboxylique selon deux stratégies. Dans une première approche, une réaction de Diels-Alder intramoléculaire entre un furane et un composé acétylénique reliés par une agrafe siliciée a été réalisée, suivie d’une coupure des liaisons Si-C. Cette cycloaddition [4+2] s’effectue uniquement en présence de MeAlCl2 avec des rendements moyens. Dans certains cas, la coupure des liaisons Si-C conduit aux diesters désirés. Dans une deuxième approche, une mono-saponification d’oxanorbornadiène-2,3-dicarboxylates de dialkyle a permis d’accéder régiosélectivement à des monoacides et des réactions de couplage avec des amines ou des alcools ont conduit sélectivement à des dérivés présentant deux groupes électroattracteurs différents.Dans une dernière partie, nous avons effectué la préparation régiosélective de 3-pyrrolines par cycloaddition [2+3] d’un ylure d’azométhine suivie d’une réaction de rétro-Diels-Alder à partir des 7-oxanorbornadiènes comportant deux groupes électroattracteurs différents. La préparation aisée de 3-pyrrolines condensées non décrites dans la littérature a été obtenue par formation inattendue d’un motif succinimide dans le cas des amidoesters.En conclusion, il apparaît que la présence du groupe éthyle en tête de pont des 7-oxanorborna-2,5-diènes semble suffisante pour contrôler la régiosélectivité de ces cycloadditions. / In order to selectively prepare heterocyclic compounds, a study of the synthesis and reactivity of 7-oxanorborna-2,5-dienes with different electron-withdrawing groups on the 2 and 3 positions was performed. These compounds are masked forms of unsymmetrical acetylenic compounds. At first, we have optimized a new method for the selective synthesis of unsymmetrical diesters by transesterification of symmetrical dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of Candida rugosa lipase. This unexpectedly highly selective method allowed us to obtain unsymmetrical acetylenedicarboxylates in good yields.In a second part, we have developed a regioselective synthesis of 7-oxanorborna-2,5-diene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid derivatives according to two strategies. In one approach, an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction between a furan and an acetylenic compound connected by silicon-containing tethers was performed, followed by a cleavage of the Si-C bonds. This [4+2] cycloaddition was carried in the presence of a Lewis acid, only MeAlCl2 gave the expected product and so in moderate yields. In most cases, the cleavage of Si-C bonds leads to the desired diesters. In a second approach, a mono-saponification of dialkyl oxanorbornadiene-2,3-dicarboxylates provided access regioselectively to mono-acids and coupling reactions with amines or alcohols selectively led to poly-functionalized products containing two different electron-withdrawing groups.In the last part, we have regioselectively prepared 3-pyrrolines by [2+3] cycloaddition of an azomethine ylide to 7-oxanorbornadienes bearing electroattracting groups followed by a retro-Diels-Alder reaction. An easy synthesis of previously unknown condensed 3-pyrrolines was obtained by formation of an unexpected succinimide pattern from amidoesters. In conclusion, it appears that the presence of an ethyl group on the bridgehead carbon atom of 7-oxanorborna-2,5-dienes seems sufficient to control the regioselectivity of these cycloadditions.