The string quartet is one of the most important genre since the Classical period, especially beginning with the works of Joseph Haydn. The abundance of quantity and internal proficiency of the string quartet reach its highest point in late period of Beethoven¡¦s work. A few composers treated the string quartets as priority genre in their entire creative life before Bartók composed a series of six string quartets which included his musical thoughts and spiritual progression spreading in the different stages during his lifetime. The purpose of the study is to discuss the various characteristics in every stage creative processes and techniques of Bartók¡¦s string quartets. The discussion of this thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter one the background of twentieth-century such as global influence of politics, economy, arts activity. During the wars, Bartók concentrated on folk songs that is the most powerful change his career and influenced the way he composed. The discussions of the chapter two include the intergrade and combine folk songs of the Western traditional music and East Europe which occupied his great creative changes, and the differences of traditional string instruments usage. Chapter three elaborates the content of six quartets which is the manipulation of the logical and unity of Bartók¡¦s use of motive, theme, melody, interval, harmony or instrumental usage. Furthermore, a popular topic called golden section is introduced from those integral elements. Chapter four concludeds the study with the discussion of which the composer was under the influence of the music development in Hungary and his contribution to the history of western music. Not only Bartók¡¦s six string quartets are one of the most important works in twentieth-century string literature, but also they are continuation of Beethoven¡¦s late six string quartets. Bartók devoted himself to musical materials from Western and Eastern Europe. As this point of view, Bartók¡¦s six string quartets are the finest expression of his heart. No matter what composition skills he used or as a humanism, it is no doubt that Béla Bartók made his great contribution in the field of string quartets.