Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-25T20:53:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JacyraAntunesDosSantosGomes_DISSERT.pdf: 2709008 bytes, checksum: b8536d693075ca072ab23c36cf351557 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-02T20:59:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JacyraAntunesDosSantosGomes_DISSERT.pdf: 2709008 bytes, checksum: b8536d693075ca072ab23c36cf351557 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T20:59:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JacyraAntunesDosSantosGomes_DISSERT.pdf: 2709008 bytes, checksum: b8536d693075ca072ab23c36cf351557 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Os acidentes of?dicos representam um s?rio problema em sa?de p?blica nos pa?ses tropicais e subtropicais, sendo o g?nero Bothrops o maior respons?vel pelos acidentes no Brasil e em toda a Am?rica Latina (correspondendo cerca de 90 % dos casos). Os efeitos locais (dor, edema, hemorragia e necrose tecidual) e sist?micos (altera??es cardiovasculares, choque e dist?rbios da coagula??o sangu?nea) causados pela pe?onha das serpentes do g?nero Bothrops s?o devido aos in?meros componentes prot?icos e n?o-prot?icos (carboidratos, lip?dios, nucleot?deos, aminas biog?nicas e v?rios ?ons), que fazem parte da constitui??o da pe?onha. A ?nica forma de terapia cientificamente validada ? a soroterapia antiveneno, que, no entanto, n?o ? eficaz com rela??o aos efeitos locais produzidos e, al?m disso, pode ocasionar s?rias rea??es de hipersensibilidade aos pacientes. Sendo assim, a busca por novas alternativas ? soroterapia se faz importante, e nesse contexto, muitas plantas medicinais v?m se destacando pelo uso popular como antiof?dicas. Dentre essas plantas, pode-se citar a esp?cie Jatropha mollissima (Euphorbiaceae) que apresenta amplo uso popular na medicina tradicional como antiof?dica, anti-inflamat?ria, antimicrobiana e antit?rmica. Portanto, esse trabalho tem como objetivo a avalia??o do potencial neutralizante dos efeitos locais induzidos pelas pe?onhas de Bothrops erythromelas e Bothrops jararaca pelo extrato aquoso das folhas de J. mollissima. O extrato das folhas foi preparado por decoc??o, fracionado (por meio de parti??o l?quido-l?quido) e caracterizado por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD) e Cromatografia L?quida de Alta Efici?ncia (CLAE). A atividade antiof?dica do extrato foi avaliada nos modelos de edema de pata, peritonite, hemorragia e miotoxicidade induzidos pelas pe?onhas de B. erythromelas e B. jararaca sendo utilizados camundongos Swiss de ambos os sexos. Em todos os modelos o extrato foi avaliado pela via intraperitoneal nas doses de 50, 100 e 200 mg/kg, sendo administrado 30 minutos antes da inje??o da pe?onha (protocolo de pr?-tratamento). Manchas sugestivas da presen?a dos flavon?ides: apigenina, luteolina, orientina, isoorientina, vitexina e vitexina-2-O-ramnos?deo foram detectadas no extrato atrav?s da co-CCD. Por meio de CLAE foram identificados os flavon?ides isoorientina, orientina, vitexina e isovitexina. Todas as doses testadas do extrato de J. mollissima reduziram o edema de pata induzido pelas pe?onhas com intensidade similar ? dexametasona. O extrato aquoso das folhas de J. mollissima, em todas as doses avaliadas, inibiu a migra??o celular induzida por B. erythromelas e B. jararaca promovendo a inibi??o do recrutamento tanto de c?lulas mononucleares quanto das c?lulas polimorfonucleares. A hemorragia local induzida pela pe?onha de B. jararaca foi inibida significativamente pelo extrato. Ambas as pe?onhas foram inibidas pelo extrato na atividade miot?xica. Esses resultados indicam que o extrato aquoso das folhas de J. mollissima apresenta potencial propriedade antiof?dica sobretudo com rela??o ao efeitos locais, o que poderia justificar o uso dessa planta na medicina tradicional e na terapia complementar como antiof?dica. / Snakebites are a serious public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries and Bothrops genus is responsible for the accidents in Brazil and throughout Latin America (90% of cases). The local effects (pain, edema, hemorrhage and myonecrosis) and systemic (cardiovascular alterations, shock and blood clotting disorders) caused by the venom of Bothrops are due to the numerous protein and non-protein components, which are part of the constitution of the poison. The only form of therapy is scientifically validated antivenom serum therapy which, however, is not effective with respect to local effects produced, risk of immunological reactions, high cost and difficult access in some regions. Thus, the search for new alternatives to serum therapy becomes important, and in this context, many medicinal plants have been highlighted by the popular use as antiophidic. Among these plants, we can mention the species Jatropha mollissima (Euphorbiaceae) which has popular use in traditional medicine as antiophidic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antipyretic. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the neutralizing potential of local effects induced by the venom of Bothrops erythromelas and Bothrops jararaca with the aqueous extract of the leaves of J. mollissima. The leaf extracts were prepared by decoction, fractionated (by liquid-liquid partition) and characterized by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Antiophidic activity of the extract was evaluated in model of paw edema, peritonitis, bleeding and myotoxicity induced by venoms of B. jararaca and B. erythromelas. In all models, the extract was evaluated by intraperitoneal route at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, administered 30 minutes prior to injection of the venom (pretreatment protocol). Stains suggestive of the presence of flavonoids: apigenin, luteolin, orientin, isoorientin, vitexin and vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside were detected in the extract by co-CCD. By means of HPLC were identified isoorientin, orientin, vitexin and isovitexin. All tested doses of J. mollissima extract reduced the paw edema induced by the venom with intensity similar to dexamethasone. The aqueous extract of J. mollissima leaves on all evaluated doses, inhibited cell migration induced by B. jararaca and B. erythromelas promoting inhibition of recruitment of mononuclear cells and the polymorphonuclear cells. Local bleeding induced by B. jararaca venom was significantly inhibited by the extract. Both venoms were inhibited by the extract in myotoxic activity. These results indicate that the aqueous extract of J. mollissima leaves have snakebite potential, particularly with respect to local effects, which may justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine and complementary therapy as anti-venom serum.