Receptores acoplados a proteína G (GPCRs) são proteínas integrais de membrana caracterizados por possuírem sete ?-helices transmembranares e por isso também são chamados de receptores 7TM. Esta superfamília de receptores medeia um grande numero de processos fisiológicos e é alvo para aproximadamente 40% de todas as drogas no mercado. O receptor de Bradicinina de tipo 2 (B2) é o principal mediador do sistema Calicreina-Cinina e é classicamente ativado pelo nonapeptídeo Bradicinina (BK). Trabalhos recentes descreveram agonistas para diferentes GPCRs, que podem ativar seletivamente (ou pelo menos preferencialmente) vias de sinalização dependentes de proteína G ou do acoplamento de ?-arrestina, sendo este fenômeno denominado agonismo tendencioso (do inglês \"biased agonism\"). Neste trabalho estão sendo desenhados e sintetizados uma serie de análogos com o objetivo de produzir novos ligantes com distintas propriedades bioquímicas e farmacológicas. Alguns destes análogos já sintetizados apresentaram características interessantes nos perfis de ativação. Estes análogos devem ser utilizados como modelos para a síntese e caracterização de novas gerações de análogos com potenciais propriedades de agonismo tendencioso. Nos acreditamos que o desenho de novos agonistas tendenciosos pode levar ao desenvolvimentos de uma nova geração de drogas, seletivas para ativação não somente de um subtipo de receptor, mas também de uma via de sinalização especifica / G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral membrane proteins characterized by bearing seven transmembrane ?-helices, and are therefore also known as 7TM receptors. This receptor superfamily mediates a large number of physiological processes and is subject to approximately 40% of all drugs on the market. The type 2 Bradykinin receptor (B2) is the primary mediator of the Kallikrein-Kinin System and is classically activated by the nonapeptide Bradykinin (BK). Recent studies have described different GPCRs agonists which can selectively activate (or at least preferably) dependent signaling pathways of G protein or ?-arrestin coupling, this phenomenon is called biased agonism. This work are based in design and synthesize a series of analogs with the goal of producing new ligands with different biochemical and pharmacological properties. Some of these synthesized analogs have presented interesting characteristics in activation profiles. These analogs should be used as templates for the synthesis and characterization of novel analogs with properties of biased agonism. We believe that the design of novel agonists can lead to development of a new generation of drugs, not only selective for activation of a receptor subtype but also a specific signaling pathway

Receptores acoplados a proteína G (GPCRs) são proteínas integrais de membrana caracterizados por possuírem sete ?-helices transmembranares e por isso também são chamados de receptores 7TM. Esta superfamília de receptores medeia um grande numero de processos fisiológicos e é alvo para aproximadamente 40% de todas as drogas no mercado. O receptor de Bradicinina de tipo 2 (B2) é o principal mediador do sistema Calicreina-Cinina e é classicamente ativado pelo nonapeptídeo Bradicinina (BK). Trabalhos recentes descreveram agonistas para diferentes GPCRs, que podem ativar seletivamente (ou pelo menos preferencialmente) vias de sinalização dependentes de proteína G ou do acoplamento de ?-arrestina, sendo este fenômeno denominado agonismo tendencioso (do inglês \"biased agonism\"). Neste trabalho estão sendo desenhados e sintetizados uma serie de análogos com o objetivo de produzir novos ligantes com distintas propriedades bioquímicas e farmacológicas. Alguns destes análogos já sintetizados apresentaram características interessantes nos perfis de ativação. Estes análogos devem ser utilizados como modelos para a síntese e caracterização de novas gerações de análogos com potenciais propriedades de agonismo tendencioso. Nos acreditamos que o desenho de novos agonistas tendenciosos pode levar ao desenvolvimentos de uma nova geração de drogas, seletivas para ativação não somente de um subtipo de receptor, mas também de uma via de sinalização especifica / G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral membrane proteins characterized by bearing seven transmembrane ?-helices, and are therefore also known as 7TM receptors. This receptor superfamily mediates a large number of physiological processes and is subject to approximately 40% of all drugs on the market. The type 2 Bradykinin receptor (B2) is the primary mediator of the Kallikrein-Kinin System and is classically activated by the nonapeptide Bradykinin (BK). Recent studies have described different GPCRs agonists which can selectively activate (or at least preferably) dependent signaling pathways of G protein or ?-arrestin coupling, this phenomenon is called biased agonism. This work are based in design and synthesize a series of analogs with the goal of producing new ligands with different biochemical and pharmacological properties. Some of these synthesized analogs have presented interesting characteristics in activation profiles. These analogs should be used as templates for the synthesis and characterization of novel analogs with properties of biased agonism. We believe that the design of novel agonists can lead to development of a new generation of drugs, not only selective for activation of a receptor subtype but also a specific signaling pathway

This study investigated the role of opioid, adenosine, bradykinin, and calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) receptors, and potential ‘cross-talk’ among suspected G-protein coupled receptors in a humoral model of remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) cardioprotection. Compared to Control dialysate (from non-preconditioned donor rabbit blood), rIPC dialysate (from remotely preconditioned blood) reduced cell death in rabbit cardiomyocytes following simulated ischemia and reperfusion. Non-selective, δ-, or κ-opioid receptor blockade and non-selective adenosine receptor blockade abolished rIPC dialysate protection; whereas, bradykinin B2 and CGRP receptor blockade had no effect. Non-selective adenosine receptor blockade fully and partially abolished protection by κ- and δ-opioid receptors, respectively. Multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry detected low levels of adenosine, and other preconditioning substances, in the dialysate. An increase in extracellular adenosine was not detected during opioid-induced preconditioning to explain this cross-talk. These results suggest that δ-opioid, κ-opioid, adenosine receptors, and opioid-adenosine cross-talk are involved in rIPC of freshly isolated cardiomyocytes.

This study investigated the role of opioid, adenosine, bradykinin, and calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) receptors, and potential ‘cross-talk’ among suspected G-protein coupled receptors in a humoral model of remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) cardioprotection. Compared to Control dialysate (from non-preconditioned donor rabbit blood), rIPC dialysate (from remotely preconditioned blood) reduced cell death in rabbit cardiomyocytes following simulated ischemia and reperfusion. Non-selective, δ-, or κ-opioid receptor blockade and non-selective adenosine receptor blockade abolished rIPC dialysate protection; whereas, bradykinin B2 and CGRP receptor blockade had no effect. Non-selective adenosine receptor blockade fully and partially abolished protection by κ- and δ-opioid receptors, respectively. Multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry detected low levels of adenosine, and other preconditioning substances, in the dialysate. An increase in extracellular adenosine was not detected during opioid-induced preconditioning to explain this cross-talk. These results suggest that δ-opioid, κ-opioid, adenosine receptors, and opioid-adenosine cross-talk are involved in rIPC of freshly isolated cardiomyocytes.

No description available.

Das posttraumatische Hirnödem trägt zur erhöhten Morbidität und Mortalität Schädel-Hirn-traumatisierter Patienten bei. Das vasodilatierende Bradykinin führt als ein Bestandteil des Kallikrein-Kinin-Systems über Bradykinin-2 (B2)-Rezeptoren zu einer Öffnung der Blut-Hirn-Schranke und trägt damit zur Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung des vasogenen bzw. zytotoxischen Hirnödems bei. Eine selektive Hemmung der B2-Rezeptoren konnte bereits die Ausbreitung des posttraumatischen vasogenen Hirnödems erfolgreich vermindern. Im ersten Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde zunächst die Entwicklung des vasogenen Hirnödems, der hemisphäralen Schwellung und der Integrität der Blut-Hirn-Schranke im zeitlichen Verlauf bis 7 Tage nach Controlled Cortical Impact Injury (CCII) an Ratten anhand T2- und T1-gewichteter MRT-Bildgebung charakterisiert. Im zweiten Teil wurde eine mögliche therapeutische Wirkung des spezifischen B2-Antagonisten LF 16.0687 Ms auf das posttraumatische Ödem und der Blut-Hirn-Schrankenöffnung durch Anwendung von MRT- und gravimetrischer Methoden untersucht. In den T2-gewichteten Sequenzen kam es innerhalb von 90 Minuten nach CCII zum prozentual stärksten Anstieg der hemisphäralen Schwellung, ein Maximum lag zwischen 24 und 48 Stunden vor gefolgt von einer Abnahme bis 7 Tage danach. T1-gewichtete Aufnahmen zeigten ein durch die Extravasation von Gadolinium-DTPA erzeugtes Maximum der Kontrastverstärkung innerhalb des Läsionszentrums bereits 6 Stunden nach CCII, während die Kontrastverstärkung in der Ödemperipherie erst nach 48 Stunden Maximalwerte erreichte. Bei einer frühzeitigen Gabe des Kontrastmittels 90 Minuten nach CCII kam es im Verlauf zu einer signifikant höheren Kontrastverstärkung innerhalb der traumatisierten Hemisphäre, vermutlich durch eine Retention des extravasierten Kontrastmittels. Dies könnte für eine frühe Restitution der Blut-Hirn-Schranken Integrität innerhalb der Kontusion sprechen, während der Verschluß perikontusionell erst später erfolgt. LF 16.0687 Ms führte bei frühzeitiger Gabe nach CCII zu einer signifikanten Reduktion der gravimetrisch bestimmten posttraumatischen hemisphäralen Schwellung um 27%. Hierbei korrelierte die im MRT ermittelte hemisphärale Schwellung signifkant mit den gravimetrisch gemessenen Werten. / Posttraumatic brain edema contributes to a higher morbidity and mortality in severe head-injured patients. Vasodilatating bradykinin, part of the kallikrein-kinin-system, mediates over bradykinin 2 (B2) receptors an blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disfunction and causes the formation and maintenance of vasogenic and cytotoxic brain edema. A selective blocking of the B2 receptors has been shown to successfully reduce brain edema formation. One objective of this study was to analize the development of vasogenic brain edema, lesion-size, hemispheric swelling and BBB-integrity after controlled cortical impact injury (CCII) in rats over a period of 7 days using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques (T2- and T1-weighted MRI, Gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA)). The other purpose was to investigate the protective effect of the novel nonpeptide B2 receptor antagonist LF 16-0687 Ms on posttraumatic edema and BBB-opening using MRI- and gravimetric methods. T2-weighted imaging showed the highest percentual increase of hemispheric swelling during the first 90 minutes after CCII, a maximum between 24 and 48 hours after CCII and and a decrease after 7 days. T1-weighted imaging revealed a maximum of contrast enhancement caused by extravasation of Gd-DTPA in the lesion-center 6 hours after CCII, while contrast enhancement in the lesion periphery reached its maximum at 48 hours.After an early administration of Gd-DTPA (90 minutes after CCII) contrast enhancement in the traumatized hemisphere was significantly higher compared to the non-traumatized hemisphere. This could be explained by a retention of Gd-DTPA caused by an early closure of the BBB in the lesion-center, while BBB-integrity in the lesion-periphery re-establishes later. The novel nonpeptide B2 receptor antagonist LF 16-0687Ms significantly reduced brain swelling by 27% after single administration measured by gravimetric wet-dry-weighting. Gravimetric and T2-weighted MRI-measurements of hemispheric swelling correlated significantly.