Thesis (D.Clin.Psych.) - University of Queensland, [2005]. / Includes bibliography.

Thesis (M.A.P.S.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-59).

This diploma thesis focuses on the Basic study centers in the Czech Republic. It maps its foundation, goals, roles and study technology. Also, it is concerned with the parent´s reactions on the results of the educational program. It deals with the evaluation of the cooperation between teachers and Basic teachers. This diploma thesis also contains a student evaluation of the program.

Illiteracy among black adults in South Africa has reached levels unacceptable for economic development in the country. The problem of illiteracy prevents adults and youth from contributing effectively and meaningfully to the social, economic and political life of the new democratic South Africa. As a result of the political change in South Africa, there is a growing awareness of the need to provide adult basic education and training to everyone who has had very limited schooling because of socio-economic problems – largely attributable to the legacy of apartheid. The goal of the then Government of National Unity was to ensure that all individuals received at least a minimum level of education as a matter of basic human rights as enshrined in the Constitution. The main research problem of the study is, What would be a suitable strategy to alleviate the high rate of illiteracy among blacks in South Africa? From the literature study a mass literacy campaign was particularly identified as a suitable strategy for the alleviation of illiteracy among blacks in South Africa. It was therefore important to provide guidelines, which could facilitate successful implementation of a mass literacy campaign. The research underpinning this study in South Africa has revealed that it is not enough to embark on a mass national literacy campaign to alleviate illiteracy. A campaign, which does not address the social ills characteristically associated with people who are illiterate cannot be termed successful. This study has demonstrated that shortcomings in the formal education system, insufficient state commitment, inadequate funding and a lack of provision of other resources, not enough co-operation and co-ordination amongst the various providers of adult basic education and training and lack of universal primary school education are some of the main causes of illiteracy. These problems cannot be ameliorated by a mass literacy campaign. The high incidence of illiteracy in South Africa calls for a comprehensive approach to the social, economic and civil relationships in the country: the universalisation of primary school education and early childhood development programmes, serious government commitment and strong partnerships would be a good foundation for success. The alleviation of illiteracy requires an iron political will and national mobilisation of the masses to support a mass literacy campaign. / Thesis (PhD (Curriculum Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

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Numa altura em que se fala cada vez mais na legalização da canábis, tanto para uso recreativo como para uso medicinal, é importante, antes de ser tomada qualquer decisão, perceber qual as consequências do seu uso. Uma informação de qualidade pode fazer toda a diferença na decisão de a legalizar ou não e na preparação para lidar com os efeitos adversos do seu uso. Alguns dos efeitos da canábis são mais conhecidos que outros. Esta revisão tem como principal objetivo tentar perceber se existe um relação entre o consumo de canábis e o síndrome amotivacional, um conceito que não reúne consenso desde sua introdução. Apesar de os resultados não terem sido conclusivos, parece haver uma maior probabilidade da existência desta relação do que o contrário, isto nos consumidores pesados de canábis. Além disso, alguns estudos apresentam uma explicação da biologia por de trás deste síndrome associado ao consumo de canábis, explicado por uma diminuição da reatividade da dopamina e dos seus níveis no cérebro nos consumidores pesados. Parece haver, também, uma maior suscetibilidade por parte dos adolescentes. No entanto são necessários mais estudos e de melhor qualidade para poder tirar uma conclusão definitiva. / Now a day, cannabis legalization is a subject of a lot debate, both for recreational and medical use. It is important, before any decision is made, to understand the consequences of its use. Quality information can make all the difference in deciding whether to legalize it or not and in preparing to deal with the adverse effects of its use. Some of the effects of cannabis are better known than others. This review has as main objective to try to understand if there is a relationship between cannabis consumption and the amotivational syndrome, a concept that has not met consensus since its introduction. Although the results were not conclusive, there seems to be a greater probability of the existence of this relationship than the opposite, this in heavy cannabis consumers. In addition, some studies provide an explanation of the biology behind this syndrome associated with cannabis use, explained by a decrease in dopamine reactivity and it levels in the brain in heavy consumers. There also seems to be a greater susceptibility in adolescents. However, more studies and of a better quality are needed to be possible to draw a definitive conclusion.

INTRODUÇÃO: A acalásia é uma doença rara da motilidade esofágica, caraterizada por disfagia para sólidos e líquidos, associada à regurgitação de alimentos por digerir ou de saliva, dor subesternal, perda ponderal e pirose. MÉTODOS: Entre 1 de Janeiro de 2000 e 27 de Março de 2019, 99 pacientes realizaram uma esofagomiotomia no Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João. Foram tidos como critérios de exclusão: outros diagnósticos, idade inferior a 18 anos à data da cirurgia e morte. 75 pacientes cumpriram os critérios para entrar no estudo e foram contactados por carta e por chamada telefónica. As avaliações pré-cirúrgica e pós-cirúrgica foram realizadas recorrendo ao questionário de qualidade de vida específico para a acalásia desenvolvido por Urbach et. al. e pelo score de Eckardt. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo Medical Outcomes Study SF-36. RESULTADOS/DISCUSSÃO: 49 pacientes (65%) responderam aos questionários. A mediana da diferença no questionário de Urbach entre o período pré-cirurgia e pós-cirurgia foi de -9,0 (AIQ=7), enquanto no score de Eckardt foi de -5,0 (AIQ=4). Pontuações mais baixas pós-cirúrgicas estavam correlacionadas com pontuações mais altas nos parâmetros da saúde mental e física do SF-36 (ρ=-0,651 e ρ=-0,577 para o questionário de Urbach e ρ=-0,552 e ρ=-0,515 para o score de Eckardt, respetivamente, p<0,001). A saúde física e a saúde mental estavam correlacionadas entre si (ρ=0,788, p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A miotomia de Heller é um procedimento eficaz, permitindo diminuição dos sintomas e aumento da qualidade de vida. Doentes com sintomas severos antes da cirurgia tiveram pontuações mais altas pós-cirurgia e doentes com menos sintomas obtiveram pontuações baixas pós-cirurgia, sugerindo que uma intervenção precoce providencia melhores outcomes na qualidade de vida. / Objectives: Evaluate the Quality of Life in patients diagnosed with achalasia who performed Heller's myotomy. Methods: Between 1st January 2000 and 27th March 2019, 99 patients were submitted to oesophagomyotomy at the São João Hospital in Oporto, Portugal. The exclusion criteria were: other diagnoses, age below 18 years old at the date of surgery and death. 75 patients were contacted. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations were performed using the Achalasia disease-specific Quality of Life questionnaire developed by Urbach et. al. and by the Eckardt score. Quality of Life was assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36. Results: 49 patients (65%) answered the questionnaires. The median difference in the Achalasia disease-specific Quality of Life questionnaire between the pre-operative and postoperative period was -9.0 (IQR: 5-12), while in the Eckardt score was -5.0 (IQR: 3.25-7). Lower postoperative scores correlated with higher scores on the SF-36's mental and physical summary measures (ρ=-0.651 and ρ=-0.577 for the Achalasia disease-specific Quality of Life questionnaire and ρ=-0.552 and ρ=-0.515 for the Eckardt score, P<0.001). Physical and mental summary measures were correlated with each other (ρ=0.788, P<0.001). Conclusions: Heller's myotomy allows a decrease in symptoms and an increase in Quality of Life. Patients with severe symptoms before surgery had higher postoperative scores and patients with fewer symptoms had lower postoperative scores, suggesting that early intervention provides better outcomes in Quality of Life.

A frutose é um açúcar naturalmente presente na nossa dieta e não só representa uma fonte de energia para o organismo como também promove a produção de lactato, a glicogénese, a gliconeogénese e a lipogénese. O GLUT2 e o GLUT5 são os transportadores facilitativos de glicose responsáveis pela absorção intestinal da frutose. Após a absorção intestinal, este monossacarídeo é metabolizado principalmente ao nível do fígado antes de passar para a circulação sistémica. O transporte de frutose no intestino delgado é um processo altamente regulado e o GLUT5, um transportador específico da frutose, desempenha um papel essencial neste processo. O consumo excessivo de frutose tem sido documentado ao longo das últimas décadas e associado ao aumento da incidência de certas doenças, incluindo diabetes do tipo 2, fígado gordo não alcoólico, cardiomiopatia, distúrbios gastrointestinais e desenvolvimento de cancro. Nesta revisão, descreveremos os múltiplos mecanismos envolvidos na regulação da absorção intestinal de frutose e os efeitos do consumo deste açúcar na saúde humana. / Fructose is a hexose sugar found naturally in our diet and not only represents a source of body energy but also promotes lactate production, glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. GLUT2 and GLUT5 are the facilitative glucose transporters responsible for the intestinal absorption of fructose. After intestinal absorption, this monosaccharide is mainly metabolized in the liver before passing into the systemic circulation. Fructose transport in the small intestine is a highly regulated process and GLUT5, a specific fructose carrier, plays an essential role in this process. Excessive fructose consumption has been documented over the last decades and associated with the growing incidence of certain diseases, including type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiac disease, gastrointestinal disorders, and cancer development. In this review, we will describe the multiple mechanisms involved in the regulation of intestinal fructose absorption and the effects of consumption of this sugar on human health.