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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

An?lise e modelagem de sistema de digest?o anaer?bica monitorado para previs?o e busca de efici?ncia de opera??o / Analysis and modeling of a monitored anaerobic digestion system for estimating and search of operating efficiency

Shubeita, Fauzi de Moraes 23 August 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-12-20T10:44:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_FAUZI_DE_MORAES_SHUBEITA_COMPLETO.pdf: 3081759 bytes, checksum: e0df3188cf06a6ad0882da6e523d5941 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-20T10:44:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_FAUZI_DE_MORAES_SHUBEITA_COMPLETO.pdf: 3081759 bytes, checksum: e0df3188cf06a6ad0882da6e523d5941 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-23 / Digesters are devices capable of converting organic waste into biogas and biofertilizer through an Anaerobic Digestion (AD) process. The conceptual simplicity of the equipment hidden the high complexity of chemical and physical processes of AD. This complexity is revealed by the amount of environmental variables that should be monitored to ensure the process efficiency. The primary variables that affect the DA process are temperature, pressure, resulting gas measurement, resulting acids, hydrogen potential (pH) and composition of organic matter. The digesters may be used in urban and rural areas, depending on the type of organic waste. In both places, it is difficult to monitor and control the digesters and therefore compromising their efficiency, which is historically identified as a failure element in projects that have tried to deploy these devices in large scale. In an interdisciplinary way and focusing on the digesters efficiency, we carried out experiments with collection and analysis of biogas and organic waste samples that allowed exploring the microbiological life of a real AD system. This exploration enables us to map the bacteria present in the organic waste, which were classified and grouped according to the four stages of AD (Hydrolysis, Acidogenesis, Acetogenesis, and Methanogenesis). From this analysis, it was possible to develop a mathematical model and software to simulate the behavior of an AD system and a hierarchical control and monitoring model based on a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The results of the simulations made it possible to understand and evaluate the behavior of a DA system, especially in temperature control, highlighting how the monitoring and control are essential to production of biogas and biofertilizers. / Biodigestores s?o equipamentos que t?m a capacidade de converter res?duos org?nicos, atrav?s da Digest?o Anaer?bica (DA), em biog?s e biofertilizante. A simplicidade conceitual do equipamento oculta grande complexidade dos processos qu?micos e f?sicos da DA. Esta complexidade se revela na quantidade de vari?veis do meio que devem ser monitoradas para garantir melhor efici?ncia do processo. As principais vari?veis que afetam o processo de DA s?o temperatura, press?o, mensura??o de gases resultantes, ?cidos resultantes, potencial Hidrogeni?nico (pH) e composi??o da mat?ria org?nica. Os biodigestores podem ser utilizados em ?reas urbanas e rurais, dependendo do tipo de res?duo org?nico. Em ambos os locais pode haver dificuldade em monitorar e controlar os biodigestores e por consequ?ncia comprometer a sua efici?ncia, o que historicamente ? apontado como um elemento de fracasso nos projetos que tentaram implantar estes equipamentos em grande escala. De forma interdisciplinar e com foco na efici?ncia dos biodigestores, foram desenvolvidos experimentos com coleta e an?lise de biog?s e amostras de dejetos que permitiram explorar a microbiologia de um sistema real de DA. Esta explora??o permitiu mapear as bact?rias presentes no dejeto, que foram classificadas e agrupadas conforme as quatro fases da DA (Hidr?lise, Acidog?nese, Acetog?nese e Metanog?nese). A partir desta an?lise foi poss?vel desenvolver um modelo matem?tico e um software para simular o comportamento de um sistema de DA e tamb?m um modelo hier?rquico de monitoramento, controle e atua??o baseado em uma Rede de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF). Os resultados das simula??es possibilitaram compreender e avaliar o comportamento de um sistema de DA, em especial no controle de temperatura, destacando o quanto o monitoramento e controle s?o essenciais a produ??o de biog?s e biofertilizante.
2

Potencial de gera??o de biog?s com res?duos s?lidos urbanos ? estudo de caso da cidade de Jundia?

Patr?o, Marcelo Foelkel 27 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-04-09T12:49:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO FOELKEL PATR?O.pdf: 2622317 bytes, checksum: de2ea76630e0237198e69a0f53eb7b6d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-09T12:49:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO FOELKEL PATR?O.pdf: 2622317 bytes, checksum: de2ea76630e0237198e69a0f53eb7b6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / With the increase in the population of Brazilian cities and the irregular disposal of solid urban waste, it was necessary to create guidelines for the implementation of a solid waste management in the municipalities. Thus, Federal Law 12,305 / 2010, which established guidelines and showed ways for a responsible management of urban solid waste, was introduced. Linked to this, there is also a quest to make renewable energies and alternative sources of fuel viable, such as biogas generated through municipal solid waste. There is a promising market for new waste treatment technologies, as well as an increase in the search for greater knowledge of this new market that starts in the country, by public and private managers, in order to consolidate and nationalize techniques developed in other continents. In this work, the possibility of electric power generation using the biogas generated by solid urban waste in the city of Jundia?-SP and an economic analysis of the whole system will be discussed. The methodology to be used is the agreement between the City of Jundia? and the German government, with the author's adaptations, taking into account the standard DIN 38414-8 (1985-06). The results show a good potential for the generation of biogas, showing a revenue of one hundred sixty-eight million, two hundred and ninety-five thousand, two hundred and ninety-five reais and seventy-six cents (R $ 168,295,295.76) per year for the city of Jundia?. / Com o aumento da popula??o das cidades brasileiras e o despejo irregular dos res?duos s?lidos urbanos, houve a necessidade da cria??o de diretrizes para a implanta??o de uma gest?o de res?duos s?lidos nos munic?pios. Assim, surgiu a Lei Federal 12.305/2010, que estabeleceu diretriz e mostrou caminhos para uma gest?o respons?vel dos res?duos s?lidos urbanos. Atrelado a isso, h? tamb?m uma busca por tornar vi?veis energias renov?veis e fontes alternativas de combust?veis, como, por exemplo, o biog?s gerado atrav?s dos res?duos s?lidos urbanos. Vislumbra-se um mercado promissor para novas tecnologias de tratamento de res?duos, bem como um aumento na busca por maior conhecimento desse novo mercado que se inicia no pa?s, por parte dos gestores p?blicos e privados, a fim de consolidar e nacionalizar t?cnicas desenvolvidas em outros continentes. Neste trabalho, ser? abordada a possibilidade de gera??o de energia el?trica utilizando o biog?s gerado pelos res?duos s?lidos urbanos da cidade de Jundia?-SP e uma an?lise econ?mica de todo o sistema. A metodologia a ser empregada consta do conv?nio firmado entre a Prefeitura de Jundia? e o governo Alem?o, com adapta??es do autor, levando em conta a norma DIN 38414-8 (1985-06). Os resultados obtidos permitem vislumbrar um bom potencial para a gera??o de biog?s, mostrando uma renda de R$168.295.295,76 (cento e sessenta e oito milh?es, duzentos e noventa e cinco mil, duzentos e noventa e cinco reais e setenta e seis centavos) por ano para a cidade de Jundia?.

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