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Stachybotrys chartarum spore extracts and their effects on surfactant protein expression and surfactant quantity and quality in fetal rat lung epithelial cellsPollard, Gail F. 29 August 2012 (has links)
S. chartarum spores are prevalent in buildings affected by flooding and have been tied to occurrences of pulmonary hemosiderosis in infants in Cleveland, Ohio, several years ago. Rationale: Past studies have focused on the effects of S. chartarum spores on surfactant in terms of composition and quantity and very little has been done to investigate the effects of S. chartarum extracts on surfactant protein expression in the fetal lung. Methods: Spore extracts were incubated with cultures of human lung A549 cells, fetal rat lung type II and fibroblast cells. MTT formazan assays analyzed cell viability. The expression of surfactant protein A and surfactant protein B was assessed using western blotting results. Captive bubble surfactometry investigated the quality of surfactant in terms of surface tension and bubble volume. Electron microscopy examined changes in cellular structure of treated cells. Conclusions: Exposure to S. chartarum extracts had negative effects on cell viability, expression of surfactant proteins A and B and the production and quality of pulmonary surfactant. Spore associated changes were apparent in the lamellar bodies of fetal rat lung alveolar type II, and human A549 cells.
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Collapse of steam bubbles in subcooled waterIsikan, Mustafa Osman January 1986 (has links)
Condensation, of steam bubbles generated at an orifice and rising freely through water, subcooled from 5 K to 36.6 K at pressures of 1 bar and 2 bar, has been analysed theoretically and experimentally. Orifice diameters were 1 mm and 2 mm, and steam flow rates of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/min were used. The data indicate a decrease in collapse Fourier number with increase in either Jakob number or steam flow rate, or with a decrease in pressure, while change in orifice diameter does not have a significant effect on collapse Fourier number. Average values of heat transfer coefficient around the collapsing bubbles have been determined to be between 0.15 . 10⁵ - 0.35 . 10·⁵ W/m·²K. The effect of bubble distortion and of local heating of the liquid, close to the orifice, due to condensation of the bubbles, have both been included in the quasi-steady state theory which has been presented. The experimental data is compared with the theoretical predictions. A semi-empirical correlation for bubble rise height has been proposed, which is also based on the quasi-steady theory combined with a correlation for the velocity of steam bubbles condensing in subcooled water.
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Moderately three-dimensional separated and reattaching turbulent flowHardman, Jonathan Ralph January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
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Stachybotrys chartarum spore extracts and their effects on surfactant protein expression and surfactant quantity and quality in fetal rat lung epithelial cellsPollard, Gail F. 29 August 2012 (has links)
S. chartarum spores are prevalent in buildings affected by flooding and have been tied to occurrences of pulmonary hemosiderosis in infants in Cleveland, Ohio, several years ago. Rationale: Past studies have focused on the effects of S. chartarum spores on surfactant in terms of composition and quantity and very little has been done to investigate the effects of S. chartarum extracts on surfactant protein expression in the fetal lung. Methods: Spore extracts were incubated with cultures of human lung A549 cells, fetal rat lung type II and fibroblast cells. MTT formazan assays analyzed cell viability. The expression of surfactant protein A and surfactant protein B was assessed using western blotting results. Captive bubble surfactometry investigated the quality of surfactant in terms of surface tension and bubble volume. Electron microscopy examined changes in cellular structure of treated cells. Conclusions: Exposure to S. chartarum extracts had negative effects on cell viability, expression of surfactant proteins A and B and the production and quality of pulmonary surfactant. Spore associated changes were apparent in the lamellar bodies of fetal rat lung alveolar type II, and human A549 cells.
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Investigation Of Air Bubble Motion In Counter-current Water Flow ConditionsBezdegumeli, Ugur 01 January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
In this thesis study, air bubble motion in counter-current water flow conditions in a
vertical pipe is investigated experimentally. For this purpose, a test set-up was designed and constructed. Images of motions of single bubbles, having different diameters in the range of 3.0-4.8 mm, generated by specially designed bubble injectors were recorded by using a monochrome camera, an image capture card and a PC. Recorded video images were processed to obtain the necessary data for the The purpose of the study is to determine
variation as a function of the equivalent bubble diameter, water flow velocity and
related dimensionless numbers / Reynolds, Re / Eö / tvö / s, Eo / and Weber, We, and is to investigate the bubble shapes and bubble travel paths.
Bubble behaviour was investigated at six different counter-current water flow
velocities (6.5 cm/s, 7.9 cm/s, 10.5 cm/s, 12.9 cm/s, 15.4 cm/s, and 18.2 cm/s) in addition to stagnant water condition which is taken as the reference case. The direction of the bubble motion is upwards and the direction of the water flow is downwards (i.e. counter-current). Distilled water was used in the experiments.
The results of this thesis study for the stagnant water condition have shown good consistency with the previous theoretical and experimental studies found in the literature. For the studied range of bubble diameters, it is observed that the bubble average relative velocity for a certain bubble diameter is less under counter-current water flow conditions than that under stagnant water condition and the drag
coefficient values for a certain bubble diameter is higher under counter-current
water flow conditions than those under stagnant water condition.
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Regeneration of [theta]₁ mesons in a thirty-inch propane bubble chamberGood, Robert H. January 1961 (has links)
Thesis--University of California, Berkeley, 1961. / "UC-34 Physics" -t.p. "TID-4500 (16th Ed.)" -t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-76).
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The application of bubble chamber methods to the physics of strange particlesAtherton, Antony Robin January 1965 (has links)
No description available.
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Bubble chamber experiments on meson interactionsSekulin, Robert L. January 1966 (has links)
No description available.
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A study of the interactions of 10 GeV/c K⁺ mesons in hydrogenHemingway, R. J. January 1967 (has links)
No description available.
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A study of Cev/c K+ mesh interactions in hydrogenSummer, D. J. January 1967 (has links)
No description available.
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