Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1971. / Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: William Mahoney. Dissertation Committee: Marcella Lawler. Includes bibliographical references.

I argue that some ancient Jewish sects, specifically the community at Qumran and the early Christians, did in fact write against, speak out against, and interpret ancient tests as being against their fellow Jews, the Temple, Jerusalem or all three. Given the time in which these occurred, I argue that those sects believed that the Roman Empire would be means in which their god would punish/destroy Jews that did not believe as they did, the Temple that did not represent what they thought it should, and Jerusalem as they believed it had become a sinful city. I examine the writings and persons of the Greek Bible. I examine specifics such as the Parable of the Tenants and demonstrate that this was delivered against Jewish leadership and the Olivet Discourse that, like the book of Jubilees, presents a series of tribulations that will fall on a wicked generation, specifically the one living in Jerusalem during the first century C.E. I also demonstrate how the motif of these writings affected the book of Revelation. I examine the prophetic books of the Hebrew Bible and show how the author used them as allusions in regards to the Whore of Babylon that appear in the book of Revelation. In doing so, I demonstrate that the Whore of Babylon is correctly identified as the city of Jerusalem. Additionally I show that the author used Babylon, the ancient foe of Israel, as a metaphor to demonstrate what he believed Israel had become. Lastly, I examine the author, a man named John, and the social world he lived in and the time he wrote during. I demonstrate that the commonly held belief of persecution against the early Christians and the use of Roman religion, such as the imperial cult, has been over stated and has led not only to a misinterpretation of chapters 17 and 18 in the book of Revelation, but they have led to an overall misunderstanding of the book as a whole.

This thesis reconstructs the royal Acropolis at Babylon and selected adjacent areas as they likely appeared during the late 6th century B.C. Today, all that remains of Babylon is scant archaeological ruins of building foundations. It is difficult to appreciate that the site had been home to even a provincial town, much less one of the most magnificent capital cities the Middle East has ever known. Through the use of archaeological reports and iconography, the author analyzed the architecture to determine the most probable appearance of Babylon’s lost monuments. The product of this research reconstructed the massive palatial complexes and their defensive enclosures in the form of a three-dimensional digitized AutoCAD model. This interpretation postulates the most accurate portrayal of the Babylonian Acropolis during the height of its occupation. By examining the fortifying architecture, this study offers a unique perspective into the defensive nature of the Babylonian mindset and through it shows how Babylon came to be considered one of the marvels of its time.

Thesis (Th. D.)--Grace Theological Seminary, 1971. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 306-321).

Thesis (M.A.)-- Vanguard University of Southern California, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis aims to contribute to the improvement of online machine translation software. We identify errors in the process of translation between English and French and make recommendations. The systems evaluated are Promt, Babylon, Google Translate and Bing and the reference corpus is taken from BankGloss. Promt made the most errors, followed by Babylon, Bing and Google. The systems together produced a total of 147 grammatical errors, 74 semantic errors, 17 lexical errors, and 6 stylistic errors. To improve Promt, we suggest expanding its dictionary. For Babylon, we advise adding more grammar rules. In order to reduce the number of semantic errors in Bing and Google, the software should learn to identify words according to context. Machine translation is not an end in itself, but a good aid in accomplishing translation tasks.

Inaug. _ Diss.: Philosophische Fakultät: Munster, Westfalen: 1975. _ Bibliogr. p. XIV-XVI. Index.

This thesis revisits Constant’s New Babylon (about 1956-1974). Turning to theories of primitivism and, in particular, Christopher L. Miller’s critical reading of ‘the nomad’ found in Gilles Deleuze’s and Félix Guattari’s A Thousand Plateaus (1980), I use previously published and unconsidered archival materials alike to demonstrate the importance of Romani to Constant’s original work and thinking on New Babylon. Positioning these materials against a selection of dominant claims, reference points and images now circulating in established New Babylon and Situationist International scholarship, I argue that Constant’s daily life and artistic practice, together with key moments in the development and public display of his project, are framed by references to, yearnings for and personal dealings with Romani, both real and imagined. Questioning contemporary theorisations of nomadism through a consideration of who travels and why, I advocate for a greater awareness of and sensitivity to the historical conditions that produce particular forms of movement. New Babylon and Romani are inextricably intertwined: to forget the one is to misunderstand, and misrepresent, the other.

Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2003. / "This thesis is a hermeneutical study of the symbol of Babylon in a Jamaican context." Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-136).

Epic dichotomies – threat/desire, Islam/Christianity, Orient/Occident, fear/lust, self/other – have fundamentally shaped the conceptualizations, images, and imaginings of the interaction between East and West. The Holy Land was the locus of both sensations in the twelfth-century West. Islam, arisen from the Arabian Peninsula and spreading steadily, embodied the strongest threat to western Christendom that it had yet faced, both militarily and theologically. The vividly imagined “East,” particularly Jerusalem, was the locus of spiritual and material desire. These intertwined notions underlie the ideological, theological, and historical perceptions of the Crusades, in their own time as today. This project seeks to explore the dual image of the East in the twelfth-century West through the prime dichotomy that has, both historically and presently, shaped Western perceptions of the dar-al-Islam: the East as at once threat and object or source of desire. Both this dichotomy and the examinations of individual sites and objects in which it is expressed nuance and challenge earlier scholarly assertions regarding visual representations of Crusading, and posit new interpretations of iconographic traditions and their semiotic functions in the twelfth-century Aquitaine. This dissertation is arranged as a series of investigative essays into monuments and objects that express the presentation and development of these divergent ideas in the twelfth-century Aquitaine. The first half of is comprised of three interrelated examinations of material objects that illuminate Western concepts of Islam and Muslims. Various iconographic traditions, I argue, were created and modified to express the mechanisms by which Christendom attempted to define, and respond to, these evident threats to self and territory. The second half of this project focuses on the material manifestations of desire, primarily through the deployment of Orientalized architectural forms and the utilization of relics and objects related to the East. Although these trends, as my conclusion discusses, reached their true apex in the decades after the loss of Jerusalem in 1187, these early examples typify the range of cultural notions centered on the desire to possess and control the sanctity of the Holy Land. / text