The aim of this thesis is to provide an investigation toward a rigorous derivation of a stable and consistent numerical method based on the established Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method. The method should be suitable for modelling the large deformation transient response of fluids and solids, the interests of the Crashworthiness, Impact and Structural Mechanics group (CISM) at Cranfield University. A literature review of the current state of the art of the SPH method finds that the conventional SPH equations are not derived in a rigorous way, often the equations are manipulated into a mathematically equivalent form in order to preserve conservation of linear momentum, which often leads to different results; the reasons for this are unknown and it is not fully understood how each particular form of the discrete equations effects the solution in terms of stability, accuracy and convergence. This leads to specific objectives being defined which underpin the overall aim of the thesis. The first objective is to develop an understanding of the SPH method and the implementation used at Cranfield University, this is done through a capability study which demonstrates the coupled SPH-FE method and a number of relevant improvements to the MCM code including the addition of a turbulence model and the modification of the SPH contact algorithm to model lateral forces between materials. This is demonstrated through the implementation of a friction model, which suggests that the contact algorithm is suitable for resolving lateral forces based on the relative velocity between materials, with the potential for coupling with a structural FE model ... [cont.].

The aim of this thesis is to provide an investigation toward a rigorous derivation of a stable and consistent numerical method based on the established Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method. The method should be suitable for modelling the large deformation transient response of fluids and solids, the interests of the Crashworthiness, Impact and Structural Mechanics group (CISM) at Cranfield University. A literature review of the current state of the art of the SPH method finds that the conventional SPH equations are not derived in a rigorous way, often the equations are manipulated into a mathematically equivalent form in order to preserve conservation of linear momentum, which often leads to different results; the reasons for this are unknown and it is not fully understood how each particular form of the discrete equations effects the solution in terms of stability, accuracy and convergence. This leads to specific objectives being defined which underpin the overall aim of the thesis. The first objective is to develop an understanding of the SPH method and the implementation used at Cranfield University, this is done through a capability study which demonstrates the coupled SPH-FE method and a number of relevant improvements to the MCM code including the addition of a turbulence model and the modification of the SPH contact algorithm to model lateral forces between materials. This is demonstrated through the implementation of a friction model, which suggests that the contact algorithm is suitable for resolving lateral forces based on the relative velocity between materials, with the potential for coupling with a structural FE model ... [cont.].

This diploma thesis deals about the points at issue of the psycho-social strain with people taking care of the person dependant on the care of other physical person in the home background. The problems of family home helps in the natural millieu of an individual dependant on the care are getting more and more actual. The aim of this diploma thesis lies in defining the decisive factors of the psycho-social strain on the persons caring of persons dependant on the assistence of other physical person in the home background. The partial aim is to find out in which areas the persons taking care of persons dependant on the asistence of other physical person in the home background feel the increased strain. Another partial aim is to find out whether the persons taking care of persons dependant on the assistence of other physical person in the home background know and apply the principles of mental hygiene. Following the aims of the diploma thesis, there are postulated two research questions. The research question 1: Which kind of stress do the caring persons consider the most relevant in their job? The research question 2: Which possible symptoms of burnt-out effect do the caring persons observe on themselves? The practical part of the diploma thesis is worked out in the form of qualitative research. The method of inquiry and the technique of semi-structuralized interview were used for the purposes of the research. Furthermore, the technique of observation was applied. The research was implemented with the Inventory of symptoms of burnt-out effect adapted for the purpose of this research. The selected file is formed of eight persons taking care of persons dependant on the assistence of other physical person in the home background who complied with the pre-set criteria; the method of so-called "snowball" was chosen. The gained data were evaluated by the method of open coding. The research pointed out the facts and risks that the realization of the care of a person dependant on the care of other physical person in the home background is carrying out. The research pointed out the areas in which these persons feel the increased strain. The area of physical exertion in caring, the consciousness of responsibility in connection with caring, the area of communication and understanding a person dependant on the care and facing up to the fate and watching helplessness are demanding the most for the caring persons. It was found out from the evidences that caring persons consider this activity stressful; they feel both acute and chronical stress during the execution of the care, they feel it in connection with the lack of time and with the responsibility, in connection with the fears of future, but also in connection with not coping with the past. Family and friends, that provide both psychical support and assistence in the realization of the care, help most the persons caring of persons dependant on the care to deal with the demands of this care. As well as solitude and rest, sport activities and culture help them. In connection with caring the engaged persons have the feeling of doing a good thing, but also the feelings of sorrow, doubts and despairs. Those caring persons who perceive the risky factor of burnt-out effect can observe its symptoms on the emotional, rational, physical and social level on themselves. This thesis can contribute to understanding the importance of work of caring persons in the home background. It will deliver the information about the relevant factors of psycho-social strain on the persons taking care of persons dependant on the assistence of other physical person in the home background. Moreover, it can contribute to the eventual development of services corresponding to the needs of the persons taking care of persons dependant on the assistence of other physical person in the home background.