Alfalfa overseeded into warm-season perennial grasses such as bahiagrass or bermudagrass has the potential to increase forage quality and dry matter yield as well as extend the growing season. Many of the challenges associated with alfalfa in mixtures have been observed in warm-season grasses, but few studies have attempted to explain the dynamics between these grasses and alfalfa when grown together. Two studies were designed to note these relationships: The objective of the first study was to observe the effect of seeding rate and sod preparation on alfalfa and bermudagrass persistence over three years by using minimum tillage and alfalfa seeding rates of 17, 22, 28, and 39 kg ha-1. Results indicated that sod preparation had no effect on establishment compared to no-tillage. Seeding rates resulted in similar biomass yields and species composition by the second year suggesting that increased seeding rates were unnecessary. Forage quality and yield were improved throughout the year, but alfalfa composition generally decreased towards the end of summer. The objective of the second study was to quantify the amount of nitrogen recovered when alfalfa was overseeded into bahiagrass and bermudagrass and fertilized with ammonium nitrate during late summer. This was accomplished by using two nitrogen rates of 15N labeled fertilizer (28 and 56 kg N ha-1) and two application times (after 2nd and 3rd harvest) and in two separate planting environments (planting I and II). It was found that bahiagrass was more competitive than bermudagrass when overseeded with alfalfa. Alfalfa/grass mixtures did not increase forage dry matter yield, nutritive value or grass composition with N application. Nitrogen fertilizer recovery was variable between plantings due to a large variation of alfalfa persistence within different soil types. Where alfalfa was limited, grass fertilizer recovery was over 60%, but when grass composed less than 10% in the mix, then alfalfa had the potential to recover over 40% of the applied fertilizer. The greatest N recovery by grass were favored during late N application. On the other hand, alfalfa N recovery was favored by early fertilizer application.

In order to protect natural resources and ecosystems at Eglin Air Force Base (EAFB), a strategy must be developed for the containment and/or treatment of explosive contaminants on testing and training ranges under continuous use. Phytoremediation is the direct use of living plants for in situ (in place) remediation of contaminated soil, sludges, sediments, and groundwater through contaminant removal, degradation, or containment. Due to its ability to continuously treat large areas at low cost with low impact to the site, phytoremediation was implemented through a field study at EAFB in order to increase range sustainability.