Thesis (Ph. D.)--Texas Technological College. / Facsimile, microfilm-xerography. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International, 1976. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 534-544).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Delaware, 2006. / Principal faculty advisor: Robert E. Lyons, Dept. of Plant and Soil Science. Includes bibliographical references.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine what Joseph Weldon Bailey, a speaker of recognized ability, did in his congressional and campaign speeches to persuade people to his point of view.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-18T11:56:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 larissadeoliveiramendes.pdf: 3003060 bytes, checksum: 13778eaee0be9c0230a0e4114067c7cb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T15:01:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 larissadeoliveiramendes.pdf: 3003060 bytes, checksum: 13778eaee0be9c0230a0e4114067c7cb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-22T15:01:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 larissadeoliveiramendes.pdf: 3003060 bytes, checksum: 13778eaee0be9c0230a0e4114067c7cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-16 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As misturas asfálticas, atualmente, são dosadas por tentativas a partir de uma faixa granulométrica de referência, se tornando para projetistas menos experientes, um método difícil e de “tentativas e erros”, onde as características desejadas não são garantidas e nem o aproveitamento da contribuição do esqueleto mineral sobre as características mecânicas das misturas asfálticas. Um método de dosagem de misturas asfálticas que se baseia na distribuição granulométrica dos agregados e que considere a importância dos mesmos para o desempenho e a durabilidade é essencial para garantir pavimentos de qualidade. O método de Bailey surgiu na década de 1980 e se baseia numa seleção e avaliação granulométrica, considerando o intertravamento dos agregados graúdos, gerando um forte esqueleto mineral da mistura de agregados, fundamental para o bom desempenho das misturas asfálticas. O objetivo desse trabalho é comparar o desempenho de misturas asfálticas dosadas por uma metodologia tradicional ao desempenho obtido com a utilização do Método de Bailey para proporcionamento dos agregados, comprovando seus benefícios. A fim de avaliar o desempenho de misturas dosadas por diferentes critérios de escolha de agregados (tradicional e Bailey), foi elaborado um planejamento experimental, onde se comparou o desempenho das misturas através de ensaios mecânicos: resistência à fadiga, deformação permanente, módulo de resiliência e resistência à tração por compressão diametral. Consideram-se, ainda, os parâmetros obtidos das curvas de compactação giratória dos corpos de prova. Os resultados obtidos indicam a boa adequação do método Bailey na consideração do intertravamento das partículas para a obtenção de curvas granulométricas adequadas o que refletiu em melhoria de desempenho nas misturas estudadas principalmente na deformação permanente e na resistência a tração por compressão diametral. / The asphalt mixtures, currently, are measured by attempts from a particle size range of reference, making for less experienced designers, and a difficult method of "trial and error", where the desired characteristics are not guaranteed, and neither the use of the contribution the mineral skeleton on the mechanical characteristics of asphalt mixtures. A determination method of asphalt mixtures based on the size distribution of aggregates and to consider their importance for performance and durability is essential to ensure high quality pavement. The method of Bailey emerged in the 1980’s and based on a particle size selection and evaluation, considering the coarse aggregate interlock, creating a strong mineral skeleton of the mixture of aggregates, which is essential for the proper performance of asphalt mixtures. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of asphalt mixtures assayed by a traditional approach to the performance obtained using the Bailey method for proportioning the aggregates, proving its benefits. In order to evaluate the performance of mixtures assayed by different criteria for choosing aggregates (traditional and Bailey), an experimental design was developed, which compared the performance of mixtures by mechanical tests: fatigue strength, permanent deformation, modulus of resilience and tensile strength by diametrical compression. Are considered, although the parameters obtained from the gyratory compressor curves of the specimens. The results obtained indicate the good suitability of the method Bailey in consideration of interlocking of particles to obtain suitable curves for a fact reflected in improved performance in the mixtures studied mainly in permanent deformation and tensile strength by diametrical compression.

Poor children are elusive in historical records, essentially invisible and unheard, and there is a significant gap in the secondary literature for the period 1700 to 1780. This thesis uses a range of largely unexplored material to access the experiences of poor children in London. By placing children in the foreground and examining their experiences by reading archival sources ‘against the grain’, it reveals details of individual lives and substantially changes our understanding of growing up poor in eighteenth-century London. Experiences are explored in five areas where poor children were found in significant numbers: in parish workhouses and as recipients of outdoor welfare relief; in the capital’s charity schools; in the Marine Society, a charity that sent poor boys to sea; in casual work and apprenticeship; and in the courts of the criminal justice system. This project re-appraises the contribution of poor children to the life of the capital, incorporates their experiences into the historical record, and creates a rounded and substantial picture of their lives in a variety of situations. The thesis argues that the deepseated prejudices of the elite, clearly evident in the rhetoric of eighteenth-century social reform, misrepresented and denigrated the children of the poor, a misrepresentation that has been assimilated into the historiography of the capital. It also suggests that recentb historiography has given us an inaccurate account of the functioning of charitable institutions aimed at children and a limited assessment of the capital’s apprenticeship and criminal justice system.

This thesis takes the linguistic concept of metonymy and examines its potential as a creative structural principle both in poetry and in music. I explore the role of metonymy in the work of the poet J.H. Prynne, the improvising guitarist Derek Bailey, and the composer Helmut Lachenmann. I have also deployed some of the ideas arising from this exploration in a modular composition for improvisers entitled Representations, recordings of which accompany this thesis. My argument is that metonymy provides a means by which a work of poetry or of music can be highly sensitive to the world which it inhabits, but can do so by itself being an inextricably linked part of this world, rather than an attempt to reproduce or represent it, or to simply pass judgement from the sidelines. In my introduction I outline the literary theory of metonymy. I discuss the way that metonymy encompasses relationships both of contiguity and causality, and make the case that the many limitations inherent in metonymy (which have often led to its being perceived as inferior to metaphor) can in fact be seen as advantanges, because of the way that they can bind the work of art to the real. I briefly discuss some previous applications of metonymy to music, and outline an understanding of musical metonymy based on linear dissimilarity, historical and social contiguity, the origins and agency behind particular sounds, and an occlusion of the structural middleground. The first chapter discusses the work of J.H. Prynne. I argue that a use of metonymy as a productive constraint is illuminated by a philosophical position according to which the world is known to be real because of the resistances it presents to the actualisation of our desires. I discuss the role of metonymy in the development of Prynne’s poetic oeuvre, before illustrating my argument with a detailed analysis of the 2001 sequence Unanswering Rational Shore. In the second chapter I turn to the work of Derek Bailey. Drawing heavily on unpublished items from the Incus archive, I demonstrate the meticulous way in which Bailey constructed his improvisational vocabulary, and the senses in which that vocabulary and its deployment could be characterised as metonymic. I explore the influence on Bailey of Stockhausen, Beckett and Musil, and show how form and material in his work are inextricably entwined. The third chapter examines the work of Helmut Lachenmann and in particular the 1992 composition „... zwei Gefühle ...“, Musik mit Leonardo. I examine the role of the listener and the productive activity that metonymic structures require of them. I focus on Lachenmann’s deployment both of actual and pseudo-causality in his music, as well as his use of historical reference in an indexical fashion. In my fourth chapter I present my composition for improvisers, Representations. I discuss its mechanics, development, and influences, and I set forth its relationship to the concepts of musical metonymy I have elucidated in the body of this thesis, under the headings of “arbitration”, similarity, referentiality and the relationship between material and the middleground. In a short concluding chapter I take another angle on the links between the themes of this thesis by discussing the role of rubbish in the work of Prynne, Bailey and Lachenmann, and its apparently paradoxical relationship with a certain concept of purity. This allows me to conclude by considering the relationship of metonymic structures to a conception of truth which, I believe, has a certain urgency in the contemporary artistic climate.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-10-05T16:02:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - José C. D. Curvelo Junior.pdf: 1703633 bytes, checksum: bc16fb8750cc1adc6443843e0f2c25cc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-10-05T16:03:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - José C. D. Curvelo Junior.pdf: 1703633 bytes, checksum: bc16fb8750cc1adc6443843e0f2c25cc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-05T16:03:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - José C. D. Curvelo Junior.pdf: 1703633 bytes, checksum: bc16fb8750cc1adc6443843e0f2c25cc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-17 / Because of the link between the car and the pavement, the tire has been of significant importance in people's daily lives, providing locomobility, resourcefulness and speed in modern vehicles. However, after the end of their useful life, they are called unusable because they are no longer useful for motor vehicles and are thus discarded, abandoned or disposed of inappropriately, resulting in a serious risk to the environment and public health. With such a need for disposal, there is an environmental concern with its reuse. This work presents the results of a study with the introduction of rubber in the asphalt pavement, being compared to a conventional mixture. The incorporation of the crushed rubber was performed by the "dry" method together with mineral aggregates, aiming through the Bailey mixture ideal packaging of the mixture, providing a structure of greater resistance to the external elements of the environment. The final design for the dosage of the asphalt mixture was the Marshall methodology according to the standard standards. For evaluation of the mechanical properties, the test bodies were submitted to tensile strength, resilience modulus, fatigue life and induced humidity tests. Specifically for this type of situation, the rubber-free blend showed better results. The results with the introduction of the rubber did not present values that are disregarded to the point of not being used in an asphalt pavement, but a possible improvement in its research parameters is necessary to surpass that of a conventional pavement. The coating of an asphalt pavement during its useful life shall provide the minimum possible conditions for vehicle traffic, resisting mainly the permanent deformations in the wheel tracks which are associated with the high temperatures and the appearance of cracks and fissures. / Por seu o elo entre o automóvel e o pavimento, o pneu vem exercendo significativa importância no dia a dia das pessoas, proporcionando locomobilidade, desenvoltura e celeridade nos veículos modernos. No entanto, após findar sua vida útil, são denominados de inservíveis, por não possuírem mais utilidades aos veículos automotores sendo assim descartados, abandonados ou dispostos inadequadamente, resultando em sério risco ao meio ambiente e à saúde pública. Com tal necessidade de descarte, existe uma preocupação ambiental com a sua reutilização. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de um estudo com a introdução da borracha no pavimento asfáltico, sendo comparado a uma mistura convencional. A incorporação da borracha triturada foi realizada pelo método “seco” juntamente com agregados minerais, objetivando através da mistura Bailey um empacotamento ideal da mistura, proporcionando uma estrutura de maior resistência às intempéries externas do ambiente. A concepção final para a dosagem da mistura asfáltica foi a metodologia Marshall de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos por norma. Para avaliação das propriedades mecânicas, os corpos de provas foram submetidos aos ensaios de resistência à tração, módulo resiliência, vida de fadiga e umidade induzida. Especificamente para esse tipo de situação, a mistura sem borracha apresentou melhores resultados. Os resultados com a introdução da borracha não apresentaram valores que podem ser desconsiderados a ponto de não serem utilizados em um pavimento asfáltico, mas sendo necessária uma possível melhora em seus parâmetros de pesquisa para superar a de um pavimento convencional. O revestimento de uma pavimentação asfáltica, durante o seu tempo de vida útil, deverá apresentar as mínimas condições possíveis para o trânsito de veículos, resistindo principalmente às deformações permanentes nas trilhas de rodas que são associadas às altas temperaturas e ao aparecimento de trincas e fissuras.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo avaliar o método Bailey de seleção granulométrica de agregados para misturas asfálticas, desenvolvido no Departamento de Transportes de Illinois (IDOT) e que vem sendo usado desde o início da década de 80. Atualmente, pesquisas têm sido desenvolvidas com o intuito de aperfeiçoar a seleção granulométrica e, conseqüentemente, o desempenho de misturas asfálticas, incluindo estudos a respeito do método Bailey. Trata-se de um método de seleção granulométrica por volume que, através de um modo sistemático de ajuste da graduação dos agregados na preparação de uma mistura asfáltica, proporciona um forte esqueleto de agregado para resistir à deformação permanente. Resulta, também, em um adequado volume de vazios no agregado mineral, o que permite um maior teor de ligante e aumento da durabilidade da mistura. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho mostram que as misturas Bailey, independentemente do tipo de agregado (basalto ou gabro), apresentam melhores resultados do que as misturas convencionais e termos de relação módulo de resiliência –resistência à tração. Os resultados do ensaio de fluência por compressão uniaxial estática indicam um melhor desempenho da mistura Bailey com basalto, embora a mistura convencional com gabro tenha apresentado um comportamento ligeiramente superior ao da mistura Bailey com gabro. / The main goal of the master thesis is the evaluation of the Bailey method of gradation selection of aggregates for hot mix asphalt (HMA). The method was developed at the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) and it has been used since the early 1980s. Many researches are intending to improve the gradation selection and, consequently, the performance of HMA, including studies about the Bailey method. It is a method that uses a systematic way of selection and adjustment of the aggregate gradation to provide a strong aggregate skeleton. It also provides an adequate amount of voids in the mineral aggregate that result in higher binder content and improved durability. The results obtained in this work show that Bailey asphalt mixtures, for both aggregates considered, are better than conventional mixtures in terms of resilient modulus – tensile strength ratio. The results of static creep tests indicate that the Bailey mixture with basalt aggregates presents the best performance among the evaluated asphalt mixtures.

A presente dissertação teve por objetivo analisar o comportamento de misturas asfálticas modificadas, pelo processo seco, com o copolímero etileno acetato de vinila (EVA), resíduo sólido descartado pela indústria calçadista. Em razão das características do EVA, acredita-se que ele possa melhorar as características mecânicas de misturas asfálticas e a resistência ao desgaste. A maioria dos pesquisadores tem direcionado seus esforços em estudos de misturas asfálticas modificadas pelo processo úmido, porém, devido à natureza do resíduo analisado neste trabalho, optou-se pelo processo seco, que demanda menos energia por não necessitar de moagem do material. A pesquisa compreendeu o estudo de amostras de misturas asfálticas não envelhecidas e com envelhecimento de duas e quatro horas em estufa, com moldagem de corpos-de-prova para realização dos ensaios de resistência à tração por compressão diametral estática, módulo de resiliência por compressão diametral, fluência por compressão uniaxial estática e dinâmica, vida de fadiga e desgaste por abrasão (ensaio Cantabro). Os resultados mostram que a utilização deste resíduo aumentou a resistência das misturas à fadiga e ao desgaste de forma significativa, porém as misturas tornaram-se mais susceptíveis à deformação permanente. O tempo de envelhecimento de curto prazo se mostrou importante, pois aumentou a resistência das misturas à fadiga e à deformação permanente. / The main purpose of the present master thesis was to analyze the behavior of modified hot-mix asphalt, through the dry process, with the copolymer ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) discarded by the footwear industry. Since the EVA characteristics, it is believed that it can improve hot-mix asphalt mechanic characteristics and the wear and tear resistance. Most of the researchers have been addressing efforts in studies on modified hot-mix asphalt by the wet process, however, due to the nature of the solid residue analyzed in this work, the dry process will demand less energy for not needing of grinding. The research evolved the study of samples of asphalt mixtures not aged and with aging of two and four hours in oven, submitted to indirect tension test, resilient modulus, static and dynamic creep, fatigue life and loss due to abrasion (Cantabro test). The results show that the use of this residue increased the resistance of the mixtures to the fatigue and loss of mass due to abrasion, however the mixtures became more susceptible to the permanent deformation. The short-time aging was shown important, because it increased the resistance of the mixtures to the fatigue and the permanent deformation.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo avaliar o método Bailey de seleção granulométrica de agregados para misturas asfálticas, desenvolvido no Departamento de Transportes de Illinois (IDOT) e que vem sendo usado desde o início da década de 80. Atualmente, pesquisas têm sido desenvolvidas com o intuito de aperfeiçoar a seleção granulométrica e, conseqüentemente, o desempenho de misturas asfálticas, incluindo estudos a respeito do método Bailey. Trata-se de um método de seleção granulométrica por volume que, através de um modo sistemático de ajuste da graduação dos agregados na preparação de uma mistura asfáltica, proporciona um forte esqueleto de agregado para resistir à deformação permanente. Resulta, também, em um adequado volume de vazios no agregado mineral, o que permite um maior teor de ligante e aumento da durabilidade da mistura. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho mostram que as misturas Bailey, independentemente do tipo de agregado (basalto ou gabro), apresentam melhores resultados do que as misturas convencionais e termos de relação módulo de resiliência –resistência à tração. Os resultados do ensaio de fluência por compressão uniaxial estática indicam um melhor desempenho da mistura Bailey com basalto, embora a mistura convencional com gabro tenha apresentado um comportamento ligeiramente superior ao da mistura Bailey com gabro. / The main goal of the master thesis is the evaluation of the Bailey method of gradation selection of aggregates for hot mix asphalt (HMA). The method was developed at the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) and it has been used since the early 1980s. Many researches are intending to improve the gradation selection and, consequently, the performance of HMA, including studies about the Bailey method. It is a method that uses a systematic way of selection and adjustment of the aggregate gradation to provide a strong aggregate skeleton. It also provides an adequate amount of voids in the mineral aggregate that result in higher binder content and improved durability. The results obtained in this work show that Bailey asphalt mixtures, for both aggregates considered, are better than conventional mixtures in terms of resilient modulus – tensile strength ratio. The results of static creep tests indicate that the Bailey mixture with basalt aggregates presents the best performance among the evaluated asphalt mixtures.