Academisch proofschrift--Nijmegen.

Academisch proofschrift--Nijmegen.

La question de l’ouverture des professions réglementées est d’actualité depuis le début de la Vème République avec le rapport Rueff-Armand. Ce rapport considère les professions réglementées comme un obstacle au développement économique. Plus récemment, en novembre 2014, le député Richard Ferrand a remis au ministre de la justice un rapport proposant plusieurs mesures de modernisation des professions réglementées. C’est dans ce même esprit que la loi n° 2015-990 du 6 août 2015 pour la croissance, l'activité et l’égalité des chances économiques, dite « loi Macron », a été promulguée. Le volet de la loi sur la libéralisation des professions réglementées a pour objectif de promouvoir une réforme profonde des professions du droit. Mais peut-on concilier les objectifs de compétitivité économique avec la mission qu’exercent les huissiers de justice en France ? La politique économique fondée sur la libre concurrence, a conduit à une remise en cause du monopole des professions réglementées qui nous amène à nous questionner sur le bien-fondé du monopole de la profession de l’huissier de justice. Si le monopole de l’huissier de justice apparaît nécessaire à une justice de qualité au service de l’État de droit, il semble insuffisant pour préserver la profession face aux nombreuses évolutions. Force est de constater que certaines attributions liées au monopole de l’huissier de justice doivent s’adapter aux exigences actuelles d’ouverture du marché du droit / The subject of opening up regulated professions has been a topical one since the beginning of the Fifth Republic and the Rueff-Armand report. This report considers regulated professions as an obstacle to economic development. More recently, in November 2014, the MP Richard Ferrand gave the Minister of Justice a report which proposed several measures for modernising regulated professions. In the same spirit, Law no. 2015-990 dated 6th August 2015 regarding growth, business and equal economic opportunities, known as the « Macron law », was enacted. The objective of the component regarding the liberalisation of regulated professions is to promote a fundamental reform of legal professions. But are we able to reconcile the objectives of economic competitiveness with the mandate exercised by court bailiffs in France? The economic policy based on free competition has called into question the monopoly of regulated professions, leading us to investigate the merits of the monopoly enjoyed by the profession of the court bailiff. If this monopoly appears to be necessary for a high-quality justice system at the service of the Rule of Law, it seems to be inadequate in maintaining the profession, faced as it is with numerous changes. It is obvious that certain powers linked with the monopoly of court bailiffs have to be brought into line with the present requirements of opening up the legal market

This thesis studies “svenner” – armed servants, bailiffs and administrators – and service ideals in late medieval Sweden by using a variety of sources including payrolls, correspondence, charters and service instructions. The study argues that in order to reach an understanding of the relationship between lord and servant, and the complexity of service ideals, questions must be asked about for whom service was open, if there was competition, and what in that case was characteristic of the people and requirements that constituted the service.The conclusion is that service was not open to all; loyalty and strong social bonds were cru-cial, while other capitals such as military competence and ancestry could increase the material and immaterial benefits of service. The social field was closely connected to the political field why those who intended to compete in the field had limited opportunities to influence the terms of service. Although serving the aristocracy could be beneficial in many ways, legisla-tion and a deeply rooted service ideal held the feudal power relations firmly intact.