This thesis examines the problem of racist disinformation on the World Wide Web and the role played by anti-racist sites in providing balance. The disinformation capacity of the Web is an important issue for those who provide access to the Web, for content providers, and for Web users. An understanding of the issues involved, including the characteristics of racist disinformation, is vital if these groups are to make informed decisions about how to deal with such Web content. However, in Australia especially, there has been limited research into racism in general and racism on the Web in particular. To address this deficiency, the integration of perspectives from the fields of race relations and information science is facilitated utilising a critical realist methodology to provide new insights. Through an extensive examination of the literature, including Australian media reports, terms are delineated and the problem situated within an historical, cultural and political environment. Alternatives for tackling racist disinformation are evaluated and the issues involved in the provision and utilisation of balancing information are discussed. The literature analysis underpins an assessment of anti-racist sites using three data collection methods to gain multiple perspectives on the balancing qualities of these sites. These methods are an assessment of anti-racist website longevity, an assessment of website reliability, and a questionnaire of content providers of anti-racist websites. This thesis provides a synthesis of the academic literature and media coverage related to Australian racism and racist disinformation on the Web, leading to new insights about the range and depth of issues concerned. An analysis of the data collected concludes that while anti-racist websites take on diverse roles in tackling racism, few provide content directly to balance Web racist disinformation. Approaches that seek to control or censure the Web are ineffective and problematic, but balancing disinformation is not in itself an adequate solution.

Compensatory balance reactions impose tight temporal constraints to motor responses employed to re–capture stability. Vision is particularly important for compensatory reach–to–grasp reactions as locations of hand hold targets have varying inherent features and locations in 3D space, requiring precise motor commands in order to successfully contact the target. Internalizing a representation of the surrounding environment by creating a visuospatial map is possible means of circumventing temporal lags associated with using online visual feedback when performing compensatory reactions. Hand hold targets are often located in the peripheral visual field. This suggests an importance of mapping from the peripheral visual field and further suggests mapping of peripherally located targets may require the allocation of attentional resources in order to correctly encode their location. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the contribution of peripheral vision and associated attentional requirements of visuospatial mapping for rapid upper limb movements. Study 1 was designed to examine the influence of mapping with peripheral vision for compensatory reach–to–grasp reactions, specifically the influence of timing and location of visual information. Study 2 was designed to examine the potential effect a secondary visual attention task would have on mapping peripheral located targets prior to movement initiation. Overall the results from these studies show support for the ability to map peripherally located targets with peripheral visual feedback, and suggest that this mapping may be an automatic process. Findings from this thesis provide a basic insight into the incorporation of peripheral visual information into intrinsic visuospatial maps that provides a framework for future experiments into the understanding of how visuospatial maps are incorporated into compensatory balance reactions.

No description available.

We use load balance technique, Linux Virtual Server. Cluster server system construct the efficient structure own high scalability and availability through connecting with high performance network or LAN. In addition, applications provide transmitting real-time video and audio are increasingly needed with network bandwidth increase. To fit the current trend and test the multimedia streaming support of LVS, we add streaming service into web cluster system. But the playing of stream is not smooth, when the system is running. Streaming have serious delay and so we propose transmitting stream directly. When user had chose stream media from web then the client connect with streaming server directly and play the media continually, so we improve the performance of streaming.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 349 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Brian M. Pollins, Dept. of Political Science. Includes bibliographical references (p. 331-349).

The scope of this master thesis was to investigate how a reconstruction at Skoghall Mill had changed the Na/S balance as well as evaluating how a new chemical plant manufacturing the mill’s chlorine dioxide would affect the balance. This was done by analyzing ingoing and outgoing process streams at the mill for sodium and sulfur and using obtained flow data for the period after the reconstruction. A balance was made to simulate how the system behaved at the time as well as balances simulating different shares of bleached pulp being manufactured. Balances with three possible types of chemical plants were also made, as well as calculations of the operating cost for each type of plant. From the balances and the operating costs it was concluded that the HPA process was the most beneficial for the Na/S balance as well as having the lowest operating cost.

Flow is a state of consciousness where the individual experiences engagement, concentration, and enjoyment. An intervention was conducted focusing on challenge-skill balancing and intrinsic motivation, both previously conceptualized as aspects of flow. The variables evaluated were challenge-skill balance, concentration on task, flow, and intrinsic motivation. The study had 211 undergraduate college students (control = 104, intervention = 107). Repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the data. The findings were mixed. Significant main effects between groups were not found. Significant main effects for time (pre-test to post-test) were found for challenge-skill balance, flow, and intrinsic motivation. A statistically significant change from pre-test to post-test for the control group on intrinsic motivation suggests the possible presence of a confounding effect by the control group curriculum. Some evidence was found that flow can be influenced by direct intervention. Further research is needed to clarify, evaluate, and extend these findings. / text

Rapid compensatory reach-to-grasp reactions are prevalent and functionally important responses to instability. The need to react very rapidly (to prevent falling) imposes temporal constraints on acquisition and processing of the visuospatial information (VSI) needed to guide the reaching movement. Previous results suggested that the CNS may deal with these constraints by using VSI stored in memory proactively, prior to perturbation-onset; however, the extent to which online visual control is necessary or sufficient to guide these reactions has not been established. Furthermore, the influence of memory-decay and concurrent cognitive-task on the performance of these reactions has not been examined. This Thesis employed a novel paradigm wherein the participant is stationary and a motor-driven handhold is positioned unpredictably in front of the participant for each trial. Reach-to-grasp reactions were evoked in healthy young and older adults by sudden unpredictable antero-posterior platform translation (barriers deterred stepping reactions). Liquid-crystal goggles were used to occlude vision either before (recall-delay time=0s/2s/5s/10s) or after perturbation-onset to force reliance on either stored- or online-VSI, respectively. Participants performed a spatial- or non-spatial-memory task during the delay-time in a subset of trials. When forced to rely on stored-VSI, all participants showed reduction in reach accuracy; however, a tendency to undershoot the handhold was exacerbated in the older adults. Forced-reliance on online-VSI led to similar delays in all participants; however, the older adults were more likely to reach with the “wrong” arm or raise both arms. Comparison with normal-VSI trials suggests that both sources of VSI are utilized when grasping the movable handhold for support, with stored-VSI predominating during initiation/transport and online-VSI contributing primarily to final target acquisition/prehension. In terms of recall-delay, both age groups showed comparable reduction in medio-lateral endpoint accuracy when delay-time was longest. Moreover, both cognitive tasks had similar (slowing) effects in both age-groups, suggesting these effects were related to generic attentional demands. However, the older-adults also showed a dual-task interference effect (poorer cognitive-task performance) that was specific to the spatial-memory-task. Further research is needed to establish whether interventions aimed to improve visual/cognitive processing speed, visuospatial memory, and/or attention capacity can reduce risk of falling among senior populations.

Background: The amount of parenteral protein to produce nitrogen balance in infants diagnosed with severe heart defects undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery was investigated. Methods: Infants born at ≥36 weeks and ≤ 12 months of age were randomized to one of three parenteral protein intakes, the control group received 1.5 g/kg/d and intervention groups received either, 2.2 or 3.0 g/kg/d of protein, respectively. Timed 24 hour urine collections were obtained for three consecutive days following surgery. Total urinary nitrogen was measured through Kjeldahl analysis. Results: A significant difference was demonstrated between the lowest protein intake level of 1.5 g/kg/d and both 2.2 g/kg/d (p ≤ 0.03) and 3.0 g/kg/d (p ≤ 0.001), on study day 1. Nitrogen balance results were 4.0 ± 52.9 (1.5 g/kg/d), 97.0 ± 96.2 (2.2 g/kg/d) and 149.7 ± 90.9 (3.0 g/kg/d). Conclusion: Protein delivery of 1.5 g/kg/d was insufficient to produce nitrogen balance on post-operative day 1.

Background: The amount of parenteral protein to produce nitrogen balance in infants diagnosed with severe heart defects undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery was investigated. Methods: Infants born at ≥36 weeks and ≤ 12 months of age were randomized to one of three parenteral protein intakes, the control group received 1.5 g/kg/d and intervention groups received either, 2.2 or 3.0 g/kg/d of protein, respectively. Timed 24 hour urine collections were obtained for three consecutive days following surgery. Total urinary nitrogen was measured through Kjeldahl analysis. Results: A significant difference was demonstrated between the lowest protein intake level of 1.5 g/kg/d and both 2.2 g/kg/d (p ≤ 0.03) and 3.0 g/kg/d (p ≤ 0.001), on study day 1. Nitrogen balance results were 4.0 ± 52.9 (1.5 g/kg/d), 97.0 ± 96.2 (2.2 g/kg/d) and 149.7 ± 90.9 (3.0 g/kg/d). Conclusion: Protein delivery of 1.5 g/kg/d was insufficient to produce nitrogen balance on post-operative day 1.