This thesis attempted to determine whether there was a relationship between an antepartum increase in knowledge of breastfeeding and women's choice to breastfeed after parturition. A group of women of low social class was given instruction about breastfeeding in three forty-five minute sessions during the last four months of pregnancy. Data, concerning the number of women who chose to breastfeed, were collected from the group that was given the information and from the group that was not given information. The data were analyzed statistically. The Chi Square test was applied to the data to determine whether there was any relationship between the giving of instruction about breastfeeding and the mothers' choices to breastfeed. Though more mothers in the experimental group did choose to breastfeed than in the control group, the relationship between the giving of instruction and the choice to breastfeed was not significant, according to statistical analysis.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

Larvae of Cheumatopsyche analis and Hydropsyche betteni produce a water soluable silk fiber in an aquatic environment. Study of the morpholocial characteristics of the silk gland cells would provide valuable information of where the components of the fiber and associated adhesive secretions are produced and preliminary data on their chemical composition. The silk glands of Cheumatopsyche analis and Hydropsyche betteni were examined with specific histochemical stains for lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, mucopolysaccharides and carbohydrates. Whole mounts indicate a high degree of polymorphism of the nuclei throughout the gland. In both Cheumatopsyche analis and Hydropsyche betteni typical cellular organelles, invaginating plasma membranes and microvilli are present. Serial sections indicate immediate deposit of both fiber and adhesive secretions beginning at the blind end of the gland and continues proximally through the "manufacturing" portion to the "excretory" portion.The highly proteinaceous fiber demonstrates a lack of acid mucopolysaccharides and a prevalance of carbohydrates and some polymers containing glucose, galactose and/or glucosamine. The adhesive secretion in the "manufacturing" portion is a homogenous layer surrounding the fiber. It is comprized of large amounts of carbohydrates, mucopolysaccharides and a small amount of glycoprotein which increases slightly as it followed proximally. Light staining vacuoles of similar characteristics to the fiber punctuate the coating adhesive layer and to be continuous with the fiber. In the "excretory" portion the coating adhesive layer is not found. Fiber staining intensifies greatly and similar characteristics of the adhesive section are assumed by the fiber. Cells of this portion have long microvilli and demonstrate bands of carbohydrate and mucopolysaccharides within the cytoplasm. Possible material absorbtion is indicated.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

The territorial song of the Field Sparrow, Spizella pusilla, was studied to determine if variations occur. Tape recordings were graphed by the use of a frequency to voltage converter and a pen recorder. Graphs were analyzed according to length of song, number of notes, length of second and last notes, frequency change, type of slurring, frequency range of song, and number of song patterns.The Field Sparrow was found to have a simple song, characterized by introductory notes followed by a trill. The song is of short duration, mean length was 2.7671 seconds, and the frequency range was between 3,000-5,500 Hz.Little variation was found to occur. Successive songs given by an individual indicated some variation. However, the nature of this variation was principally in number of notes and length of successive songs. All except two individuals were found to possess only one song pattern. Comparison of song patterns from one individual to another revealed considerable similarity. A cline in voice variation in the Field Sparrow is not indicated by the limited data available to this present study.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

In this study a unique pulse amplifier, with automatic controlled gain, was used to measure nuclear lifetimes. The significance of this circuit is that it reduces the spread in pulse amplitudes of those pulses selected by Ge(Li) and NaI(Tl) detectors from a single channel analyzer. In the first part of this study a coincidence circuit composed of an Ortec module with Ge(Li) and NaI(Tl) detectors was utilized. The coincidence curves of two different sources, 22Na (0.511 MeV from positron annihilation) and 133Ba (0.081-MeV excited state), were recorded by a multichannel analyzer. In the second part of this research the unique pulse amplifier was added to the original coincidence circuit. The coincidence curve of the two sources was again recorded, and comparison of the two methods was made. A twenty five percent improvement in time resolution for 22Na and a twenty percent improvement for 133Na was achieved.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

AbstractThis study compared breast-feeding success rates for nursing mothers from three different population groups: (1) those with no medically supervised education, (2) those with exposure to supportive medical staff and to a patient education handout on breast-feeding, and (3) those with exposure to the handout and to a videotape on breast-feeding shown in the hospital during the first few days postpartum. Success was defined as using breast milk as the primary means of infant nutrition at five to six weeks postpartum. It was found that educating mothers in an organized fashion significantly improves success rates over that seen when organized patient education was not offered (p<.001). The group educated by postpartum videotapes tended to do better than the group educated by only patient education handouts and interested medical staff. This relationship was not significant at the .05 level (.05<p<.10), but was strong enough to warrant further investigation. Lack of correct information was related to all of the reasons for not breast-feeding and for prematurely stopping breast-feeding.Honors CollegeBall State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

The occurrence of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria isolated from the throats of Ball State University students was investigated in a surveillance study utilizing weekly throat swabbings. The reference population was divided into three groups: the control; semi-control; and experimental groups respectively. The experimental group was exposed to numerous bacterial pathogens and non-pathogens biweekly during one academic quarter. The objective of the study was to determine if the throat flora of an individual within the experimental group underwent colonial changes in relation to the bacterial organisms the individual was exposed to. The results of the study indicate that bacterial colonial changes did not occur within the throat region following bacterial exposure.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

The hydrolysis of adenosine, 2-deoxyadenosine and 6-chloropurine riboside by adenosine deaminase preparations from human spleen has been investigated, and Km and Vm values have been determined. The effect of the substrate on the reaction velocity was followed over a 250-fold range Results showed no deviation from Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The effect of pH on Vm, Vm/Km, and the apparent activation energy was examined. Inactivation of the enzyme by p-chloromercuribenzoate suggests the involvement of one or more SH groups. Competitive inhibition by inosine and the fact that ammonia is not, an inhibitor support a reaction mechanism involving a ternary complex. The apparent activation energy of the a parameter was smaller or less sensitive to temperature than the ß parameter.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

The investigation of this thesis is introduced by finding all the relationships existing among the various types of set functions. Characterizations of the different set functions will be formulated in order to facilitate the construction and identification of each type of set function considered. This problem has important applications to measure theory and integration.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

In this thesis, it is contemplated to study the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions of the differential equationz2d2y + z(bo +b1zm ) dy +(co + c1zm + c2 z2m)y =0 (1) dz2 dzHere m is a positive integer, the variable z is regarded complex as are the constants bi(i=0,1) and ci(i=0,1,2) with c2 ≠ 0. Then in the language of Fuch's theory the differential equation (1) will have a regular singular point at z=0 and an irregular singular point at z=θ. The indicial equation about z=0 is found to beh(h-1) + boh + co = 0(2)It is also assumed that the difference of the roots of (2) are incongruent to zero modulo m.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

This study was concerned with the origin and stratigraphic relationship of a ridge-swales complex located in and near Mount Pleasant, Indiana. Borehole data, water well logs, seismic refraction surveys, and electrical resistivity surveys were combined to create three cross-sections which illustrate the stratigraphic relationship of the feature under scrutiny. In addition, textural analyses of outwash, esker, and ridge samples were performed to discriminate between outwash and esker material; the results were compared to the ridge samples.The textural analyses failed to discriminate convincingly between esker and outwash; however, the cross-sections display the ridge-valley complex as a broad sheet of outwash sand and gravel subsequently eroded by glacial meltwater.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306