Glycogen levels were studied in 15 Sprague-Dawley adult male rats. Three aspects of glycogen metabolism were considered. First, the glycogen concentrations of normally innervated red (soleus) and white (gastrocnemius) muscles were compared. Second, the glycogen content of innervated red and white muscles were compared to chronically denervated red and white muscles. Third, the effect of insulin upon glycogen stores in innervated and chronically denervated red and white muscles was examined.Innervated white muscles had higher glycogen levels than innervated red muscles. However, chronic denervation resulted in statistically significant decreases in red and white muscle glycogen content. In addition, insulin markedly increased glycogen stores in innervated red muscles, but not in white muscles. Further, the increase in glycogen levels in red muscle caused by insulin was abolished in chronically denervated preparations.The results suggest that the effects of insulin on skeletal muscle glycogen stores could be related to trophic influences of motor nerves.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

Inulase had received little attention and there were conflicting statements about its availability in animals.Adapted anthrone-sulfuric acid and Nelson-Somogyi reagents were used for identifying fructose concentration in inulin hydrolyzed by insect and aerobic bacteria extracts as a measure of inulase activity.Bacteria isolated from the insect’s gut were grown in nutrient agar and their extracts were used in hydrolyzing inulin. Aerobic bacteria-free insect extracts were obtained by injecting aureomycin into the gut of the cockroaches.There was no significant aureomycin effect on inulase production by the insects. The greatest inulase activity was around the gastric ceaca region. The major inulase requirement of the insects was met by gastric ceaca region production and not by the bacteria. The assertion that inulase may not be found in animal workd (Bernfeld 1962, Doby 1965, Hoar 1966) is unsupported. Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) and Blaberus giganteus (Linnaeus) have inulase in their gastric caeca regions.Studies of inulase could lead to better understanding of cockroach physiology and their symbionts. If inulase is eventually synthesized in the laboratory a significant amount of inulin energy would become available to man through the use of synthetic inulase.Honors CollegeBall State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

AbstractPlankton samples were collected from June through October, 1970, at 5, 10, 15, and 18 m stations on transects extending into Indiana waters of Lake Michigan from Michigan City, Burns Ditch, and Gary.Bosmina longirostris, Daphnia retrocurva, and Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi were the three dominant crustacean zooplankters in Indiana waters of Lake Michigan. Each species made up more than 10% of the total crustacean zooplankton community.The rotifer community was dominated by Polyarthra vulgaris. Other numerous rotifers included Keratella cochlearis, Synchaeta sp., and Kellicotia lonqispina.There were few consistent differences between the three transects, but, as station depth increased to 18 m, the population dynamics on the three transects tended to become more similar.In general the zooplankton community structure was made up of small microfiltrators with few macrofiltrators or predacious zooplankton present.The dominance of the microfiltrators, small size of Daphnia retrocurva sampled, seasonally late appearance of larger zooplankters, skewed sex ratios of Diaptomus, and increased numbers of zooplankton in general may all be the result of heavy alewife predation on large zooplankton forms.The dominance of less effective microfilter feeding zooplankton and the continued increase of nutrient levels in southern Lake Michigan may be combining to effect an increase in the eutrophication rate in the shallow Indiana waters of Lake Michigan.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

AbstractIn this study a coincidence circuit composed of Ortec modules with Ge(Li)-NaI(Tl) detectors was utilized. An investigation of the different fractional threshold settings of a Constant Fraction of Pulse Height Trigger was made.Two different isotopes were investigated. A sample of 22Na was used as a prompt source. The half-life of the 0.081 Mev energy levelof 133Cs was studied. This half-life has been reported as being 6.3 nsec. Results were compared with results of a previous study at Ball State University which had used a conventional single channel analyzer and had used the zero crossover point for timing purposes.The best value received for the 133Cs energy state using a slope measurement was 8.12 t 0.25 nsec. Using a centroid shift measurement the best value of the 133Cs energy state was 5.66 nsec.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

The elongation and desaturation of fatty acids was investigated by studying the fate of 1-14C lauric, myristic, and stearic acids added to submerged cultures of Aspergillus niger. The mycelium produced oleic and linoleio acids from 1-14C lauric and 1-14C steario acids and to only a slight extent from 1-14C myristic acid. Stearic acid was the principal labeled saturated fatty acid produced when laurio acid was the substrate; both palmitic and steario acids were produced in reduced amounts from myristic acid. Myristic acid has been reported to be a poor precursor for long chain fatty acids in Penicillium chrysogenum and Torulopsos bombicoli well. The absence of label in fatty acids shorter than the added substrates indicated that oxidation followed by do novo synthesis did not occur. Pariodate-permanganate oxidation data verified that do novo synthesis did not occur.When either 1-14C lauric acid or 1-14C myristic acid was the substrate, Schmidt decarboxylation data of the saturated fatty acids longer that the substrate indicated that the terminal acetate unit of the substrate was removed and used to elongate palmitio acid to steario acid. The rapid incorporation. of label into long chain fatty acids supports this conclusion. When 1- 4C steario acid was the substrate, decarboxylation data of the saturated fatty acids longer than stearicindicated that the terminal acetate unit of the substrate was removed and used to produce fatty acids with chain lengths longer than stearic acid.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

The synthesis and characterization of the 1-pyrazolines produced from the addition of diazomethane to maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, isoprene, norbornene, and norbornadiene was carried out. This was followed by the thermal decomposition of the synthesised 1-pyrazolines. The thermal decomposition of the 1-pyrazolines proceded by the loss of nitrogen to yield both the expected cyclopropanes and olefins, as well as cyclic reversion products in the case of the mono- and disubstituted norbornadiene adducts.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

This thesis investigated planned nursing intervention based on a detailed assessment to determine whether this would result in stroke patients and their families having a better understanding of pathology, a shorter hospitalization, and the ability to cope with minor problems and activities of daily living when discharged. An experimental group supervised by the author was compared with a control group. In addition, the patient's initial and discharge level of independent function was compared with the control group.The investigation revealed that there was a positive relationship between planned nursing intervention and the increase in knowledge of pathology, ability to cope with minor problems and the activities of daily living. The hypothesis that a shorter hospitalization would result for the experimental group was not proven. All patients increased their level of independent function. The experimental group had a higher level of independent function at discharge than the control group.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

A study of soil and water samples obtained from Ford's Sanitary Landfill and a control area north of the landfill were investigated for the presence of bacterial pathogens on November 24, 1972, and March 8, 1973. This study revealed the presence of several bacterial pathogens of animal, plant, and human significance in the landfill area. The control area investigated exhibited only normal soil microflora of nonpathogenic significance.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

This thesis includes a summary of some of the early developments of M.IR and NQR detection. Elementary introduction to NQR detection is also discussed. Finally the construction of a high level NQR Spectrometer operating in the regenerative mode is treated. This regenerative spectrometer, originally designed by D. Sill, M. Hayek, Y. Alon, and A. Simievic and published in Rev. Sci. Instr. 38, 11 (1967), is discussed extensively.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

Daily and seasonal movements of adult alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, were studied at depths of 5 to 18 m in Indiana waters of Lake Michigan near Michigan City. Collections were made June to October, 1971, with gill nets and a bottom trawl and June to September, 1972, with gill nets.There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between trawl and gill net catch rates in 1971 regardless of time of day. Significantly more fish were caught during early summer than late summer. Noon gill net catches did not differ significantly between stations. At 10 m, midnight gill net catches were larger than noon catches and bottom gill net catches were greater than surface catches.In 1972, June and July gill net catches were greater than August and September catches. Spawning was essentially completed by August, and inshore populations of spawning adults returned to deeper offshore areas.Midnight catches were greater than noon catches at all depths. During the day, alewives were farther offshore than the 15 m station, but at night they moved inshore. Crowding of alewives inshore at night resulted in significantly larger catches at the 5 m than at the 15 m station.Food habit studies in 1971 and 1972 revealed zooplankton comprised the major portion of the alewife diet. The copepod Cyclops bicuspidatus was the main zooplankter consumed. Bosmina longirostris and Eurycercus lamellatus were major cladoceran food items. Major non-zooplankton food items were Cryptochironomous, Chironomous, and larval alewives.Zooplankton and cladoceran percent volume in stomachs increased to maxima in July of each year followed by a general decline. Copepods were the dominant food in June. Chironomid larvae were a major component of the diet in May, 1972, and August of both years. The largest percent volume of alewife larvae in stomachs occurred in September.A comparison of daily movements and food habits by percent composition of food items in alewives collected July, 1971, revealed the dominant zooplankton species in alewife stomachs were Bosmina longirostris, Chydorus sphaericus, Alona affinis, Eurycercus lamellatus, Polyphemus pediculus, Cyclops,bicuspidatus, and Limnocalanus macrurus. B. longirostris and P. pediculus, which accumulate at the surface at night, were consumed by alewives in greatest quantity at midnight and sunset when the alewife is near the surface. The benthic species C. sphaericus, A. affinis, and E. lamellatus were consumed in greatest quantity at sunrise when the alewife is near the bottom.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306