Thesis (doctoral)--Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70).

Thesis--University of Florida. / Description based on print version record. Typescript. Vita. Bibliography: leaves 112-113.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

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A fixed point of a mapping is an element in the domain of the mapping that is mapped into itself by the mapping. The study of fixed points has been a field of interests to mathematicians since the discovery of the Banach contraction theorem, i.e. if is a complete metric space and is a contraction mapping (i.e. there exists such that for all ), then has a unique fixed point. The Banach contraction theorem has found many applications in pure and applied mathematics. Due to fixed point theory being a mixture of analysis, geometry, algebra and topology, its applications to other fields such as physics, economics, game theory, chemistry, engineering and many others has become vital. The theory is nowadays a very active field of research in which many new theorems are published, some of them applied and many others generalized. Motivated by all of this, we give an exposition of some generalizations of fixed point theorems in metric fixed point theory, which is a branch of fixed point theory about results of fixed points of mappings between metric spaces, where certain properties of the mappings involved need not be preserved under equivalent metrics. For instance, the contractive property of mappings between metric spaces need not be preserved under equivalent metrics. Since metric fixed point theory is wide, we limit ourselves to fixed point theorems for self and non-self-mappings on Banach and metric spaces. We also take a look at some open problems on this topic of study. At the end of the dissertation, we suggest our own problems for future research.

A norm ||⋅|| on a Banach space X is Fréchet differentiable at x ∈ X if there is a functional ∫∈ X* such that [Formula Omitted] This concept reflects the smoothness characteristics of X. A dual Banach space X* has the Radon-Nikodym Property (RNP) if whenever C ⊂ X* is weak*-compact and convex, and ∈ > 0, there is an x ∈ X and an ⍺ > 0 such that diameter [Formula Omitted] this property reflects the convexity characteristics of X*. Culminating several years of work by many researchers, the following theorem established a strong connection between the smoothness of X and the convexity of X*: Every equivalent norm on X is Fréchet differentiable on a dense set if and only if X* has the RNP. A more general measure of convexity has been recently receiving a great deal of attention: A dual Banach space X* has the weak* Convex Point-of-Continuity Property (C*PCP) if whenever ɸ ≠ C ⊂ X* is weak*-compact and convex, and ∈ > 0, there is a weak*-open set V such that V ⋂ C ≠ ɸ and diam V ⋂ C < ∈. In this thesis, we develop the corresponding smoothness properties of X which are dual to C*PCP. For this, a new type of differentiability, called cofinite Fréchet differentiability, is introduced, and we establish the following theorem: Every equivalent norm on X is cofinitely Fréchet differentiable everywhere if and only if X* has the C*PCP. Representing joint work with R. Deville, G. Godefroy and V. Zizler, an alternate approach is developed in the case when X is separable. We show that if X is separable, then every equivalent norm on X which has a strictly convex dual is Fréchet differentiable on a dense set if and only if X* has the C*PCP, if and only if every equivalent norm on X which is Gâteaux differentiable (everywhere) is Fréchet differentiable on a dense set. This result is used to show that if X* does not have the C*PCP, then there is a subspace Y of X such that neither Y* nor (X/Y)* have the C*PCP, yet both Y and X/Y have finite dimensional Schauder decompositions. The corresponding result for spaces X* failing the RNP remains open. / Science, Faculty of / Mathematics, Department of / Graduate

We study the relationship between real and complex tensor norms. The theory of tensor norms on tensor products of Banach spaces, was developed, by A. Grothendieck, in his Resumé de la théorie métrique des produits tensoriels topologiques [3]. In this monograph he introduced a variety of ways to assign norms to tensor products of Banach spaces. As is usual in functional analysis, the real-scalar theory is very closely related to the complex-scalar theory. For example, there are, up to top ological equivalence, fourteen ``natural' tensor norms in each of the real-scalar and complex-scalar theories. This correspondence was remarked upon in the Resumé, but without proving any formal relationships, although hinting at a certain injective relationship between real and complex (topological) equivalence classes of tensor norms. We make explicit connections between real and complex tensor norms in two different ways. This divides the dissertation into two parts. In the first part, we consider the ``complexifications' of real Banach spaces and find tensor norms and complexification procedures, so that the complexification of the tensor product, which is itself a Banach space, is isometrically isomorphic to the tensor product of the complexifications. We have results for the injective tensor norm as well as the projective tensor norm. In the second part we look for isomorphic results rather than isometric. We show that one can define the complexification of real tensor norm in a natural way. The main result is that the complexification of real topological equivalence classes that is induced by this definition, leads to an injective correspondence between the real and the complex tensor norm equivalence classes. / Thesis (PHD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Mathematics and Applied Mathematics / unrestricted

Dans les années 90, Gowers démontre un théorème de type Ramsey pour les bloc-suites dans les espaces de Banach, afin de prouver deux dichotomies d'espaces de Banach. Ce théorème, contrairement à la plupart des résultats de type Ramsey en dimension infinie, ne repose pas sur un principe des tiroirs, et en conséquence, sa formulation doit faire appel à des jeux. Dans une première partie de cette thèse, nous développons un formalisme abstrait pour la théorie de Ramsey en dimension infinie avec et sans principe des tiroirs, et nous démontrons dans celui-ci une version abstraite du théorème de Gowers, duquel on peut déduire à la fois le théorème de Mathias-Silver et celui de Gowers. On en donne à la fois une version exacte dans les espaces dénombrables, et une version approximative dans les espaces métriques séparables. On démontre également le principe de Ramsey adverse, un résultat généralisant à la fois le théorème de Gowers abstrait et la détermination borélienne des jeux dénombrables. On étudie aussi les limitations de ces résultats et leurs généralisations possibles sous des hypothèses supplémentaires de théorie des ensembles.Dans une seconde partie, nous appliquons les résultats précédents à la preuve de deux dichotomies d'espaces de Banach. Ces dichotomies ont une forme similaire à celles de Gowers, mais sont Hilbert-évitantes : elles assurent que le sous-espace obtenu n'est pas isomorphe à un espace de Hilbert. Ces dichotomies sont une nouvelle étape vers la résolution d'une question de Ferenczi et Rosendal, demandant si un espace de Banach séparable non-isomorphe à un espace de Hilbert possède nécessairement un grand nombre de sous-espaces, à isomorphisme près / In the 90's, Gowers proves a Ramsey-type theorem for block-sequences in Banach spaces, in order to show two Banach-space dichotomies. Unlike most infinite-dimensional Ramsey-type results, this theorem does not rely on a pigeonhole principle, and therefore it has to have a partially game-theoretical formulation. In a first part of this thesis, we develop an abstract formalism for Ramsey theory with and without pigeonhole principle, and we prove in it an abstract version of Gowers' theorem, from which both Mathias-Silver's theorem and Gowers' theorem can be deduced. We give both an exact version of this theorem in countable spaces, and an approximate version of it in separable metric spaces. We also prove the adversarial Ramsey principle, a result generalising both the abstract Gowers' theorem and Borel determinacy of countable games. We also study the limitations of these results and their possible generalisations under additional set-theoretical hypotheses. In a second part, we apply the latter results to the proof of two Banach-space dichotomies. These dichotomies are similar to Gowers' ones, but are Hilbert-avoiding, that is, they ensure that the subspace they give is not isomorphic to a Hilbert space. These dichotomies are a new step towards the solution of a question asked by Ferenczi and Rosendal, asking whether a separable Banach space non-isomorphic to a Hilbert space necessarily contains a large number of subspaces, up to isomorphism.

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