Comprehensive fracture assessment is not an easy task as most fracture analyses rely on two-dimensional outcrops. A newly developed acquisition system of full resolution 3D Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and subsequent migration of the data allow, for the first time, to image fracture and deformation band networks in three dimensions. A full resolution GPR data set was acquired in the Madonna della Mazza quarry in the Maiella mountains, Italy. The quarry is cut into the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Orfento Formation in the limb of an anticline. Combining 3D GPR and outcrop analysis reveals both the sedimentology and fracture characteristics in the quarry. The GPR data images the strata in more detail than what is visible in the quarry walls. For example, GPR data reveal a series of prograding bedsets that are interpreted as sub-aqueous dunes resulting from a unidirectional bottom or tidal current in the outer ramp environment. A fine-grained carbonate, lithofacies B, appears intermittently throughout the whole strata. In the massive grainstone beds extensive bioturbation destroyed the sedimentary structure and prevents the interpretation of the depositional process. The fracture development in the quarry is partly stratigraphically controlled. Deformation bands preferentially occur in the high porosity and high permeability massive grainstone unit, while stylolites are extensively developed in the thin-bedded packstone-grainstone lithofacies. The fracture analysis in the GPR data corroborates results of the outcrop analysis of previous workers. Performing a manual interpretation of the GPR data, faults with two dominant orientations (N-NW and E-W) were identified. The automated "Ant Tracking" analysis of the GPR data, however, revealed four dominant fracture orientations (N-NW, NW, W-NW, and EW). Furthermore, the automated ("Ant Tracking") 3D GPR analysis reveals a mechanical unit boundary; lithofacies C contains almost twice the density of deformation bands as the strata below. Integrating the outcrop analysis with the automated analysis of the 3D GPR data using "Ant Tracking" is essential for accurately quantifying the entire fracture population in the quarry. Total fracture diversity and abundance has previously been underestimated by 2D outcrop mapping and is also not completely depicted using manual interpretation of 3D GPR data.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-173). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

The aim of this study is to have a deeper understanding about the motivations and the obstacles of an immigrant’s language learning. I have studied the problem with focus on integration and language learning. The study is principally based on deep interviews with Turkish immigrants. I have studied the question by means of a socio-cultural perspective of learning; Mead’s conceptions I, Me and the generalised other; Scheff’s conception, the social bonds and Freire’s conception, dialog and Asplund’s conception social responsiveness. On the surface it seams like, the émigré is someone who is incapable or reluctant to learn Swedish and integrate in the society. During the study, I have discovered an emotional obstacle, which arises at the émigré’s meeting with the Swede. One usually bypasses this emotional obstacle and concentrates on the cognitive level for language learning. The emigrant thinks then the Swedish language is difficult to learn and she knows too little Swedish to communicate with the Swede. The Swede thinks that the immigrant does not want to learn Swedish and integrate in the society. When I focused on the immigrant’s subjective experience about the meeting with the Swede, I noticed that the emigrant experiences the meeting as a sort of one way communication. At this meeting, she is assessed negatively by the Swede. The immigrant finds it difficult to develop a positive emotional attitude towards the Swede and the Swedish language. Then she gets away from the meeting with the Swede and reduces her relations with the Swedish culture to a minimum level. I have speculated on the immigrant’s negative experience by means of Asplund’s conception social responsiveness and a governmental report of investigation about segregation. For a more active language learning and integration, I proposed, that the language education (SFI) should encourage the emigrant to question society with a critical attitude to identify herself in the new situation and the society. This can be achieved by means of a dialogical perspective, which presupposes and develops a strong trust in the human being, love, humility, solidarity, respect and the critical thought.

ABSTRACT: Denna kvalitativa studie handlar om det psykosociala integrationsproblemet för ungdomar med invandrarrötter, men födda och uppvuxna i Sverige. Jag undersökte hur tillhörighetskänslan utvecklas så att individen börjar se sig som en invandrare. Studien fokuserar på ungdomarnas uppfattning om sin sociala identitet. Undersökningen bygger på läsning av litteratur och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Jag intervjuade sex informanter varav en är tjej. Fyra av dem är killar från en ungdomsgrupp i en förort i Stockholm. Den sjätte killen är från en mellanstorstad. Jag använde mig av teoretiker som Tönnies, Mead, Asplund, Scheff och Freire och fick med hjälp av studien en förståelse som är att man blir invandrare genom att påta sig stereotypa invandrarroller som man utvecklar i interaktion med samhället. Man upplever utanförskap, känslan av andraklassens medborgare. Man känner sig som en främling. En kronisk och icke erkänd skamkänsla uppstår i mötet med svenskar. I invandrarmiljöer upplever man stolthetskänsla. Man upplever relationer med svenskar som ojämställda medan relationer mellan invandrare upplevs som jämställda. Invandraridentitet orsakar en asocial responslöshet gentemot svenskar. Man tar avstånd från majoritetssamhället och söker invandrarmiljöer för att bekräfta sin invandraridentitet och för att hantera utanförskap. Man utvecklar en heterogen kultur genom kompisar, familj och populärkultur. Därmed tenderar konflikter och svårigheter med majoritetsbefolkningen att stärka främlingskänslan och bekräfta invandraridentiteten: ”Det som blev var på grund av att jag är en invandrare. Svenskar gillar inte oss.” Invandrarungdomsgrupper är både resultatet av och orsaken till denna process och att identitetsstrategin är avgörande för den psykosociala integrationen. Jag skilde i detta sammanhang mellan tre olika identitetsstrategier, nämligen anpassningsstrategi, motståndsstrategi och integrationsstrategi. De två första strategierna bygger på att se den andra som ett objekt medan den sista identitetsstrategin bygger på att se den andra som ett subjekt. Nyckelord: Identitet, sociala band, dialog

Over the past decades, bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have attracted extensive interests because of their unique physical and chemical properties such as good corrosion resistance, larger elastic elongation limit and high strength and hardness. They are also seen as the potential material for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). However, despite many extraordinary properties in BMGs, BMGs might be difficult to be made into MEMS, different from thin film metallic glasses (TFMGs). Compared with BMGs, few studies have been carried out on TFMGs and their application for MEMS. In this study, efforts have been made to study the properties of multilayered TFMGs. The multilayer thin film selected in this thesis is amorphous/nanocrystalline nanolaminate systems. The micro-pillars of multilayered TFMGs with diameter of 1 £gm are fabricated by using focus ion beam (FIB) and tested in microcompression at room temperature. On nano-indentation test, the phenomenon of strain burst decreases by way of multilayer system. It means that the multilayer system can retard the shear band propagation initiated from the amorphous layers. Under the microcompression test, the deformation of both ZrCu (100 nm)/Cu (50 nm) and ZrCu (100 nm)/Cu (10 nm) multilayer micro-pillars are still dominated by the emission of shear bands in a manner of strain burst to release the energy, but the ZrCu (100 nm)/Cu (100 nm) multilayer thin films reveal continuous deformation and smooth stress-strain curve with no strain burst. First, the sufficient thick of copper layer can absorb more energy from shear deformation of amorphous layer. Second, the copper layer exhibits plastic flow along the transverse direction under the iso-stress deformation. The transverse plastic flow acts as a shear force at interface causing non-stress concentration at amorphous layer. It means that the amorphous layer can be deformed to large plastic strain without stress concentration, causing a homogeneous deformation. According to these two deformation mechanisms, it is possible that the ZrCu (100 nm)/Cu (100 nm) multilayer thin film is better system for improving the ductility of amorphous alloy with a good strength.

In this paper, at the beginning, we focused our studies on the practical planar antenna designs for wireless communication. We also proposed several antenna designs operating at the widely used bands, such as the ISM, GSM, GPS, 3G bands and their combinations. For the antenna designs at these bands, the circularly polarized wide slot antenna and planar monopole antenna with the conducting plate loading for ISM band application, shorted stacked mircostrip antenna for 3G band application, and the low cost high gain 8Í8 stacked patch array for dual ISM band application have been presented. To provide mobile communication and the accurate position of the user as well, the GSM/GPS dual-band antenna suitable for vehicle application is presented. Finally, the GSM/ISM dual-band antenna designed for the personal communication and wireless local area network is also shown. The performance we have achieved in these antenna designs not only satisfy the specific requirements of the system, but also show good antenna pattern, and gain.

In this thesis, we theoretically investigate optimum configurations of high conversion efficiency and gain-flattened L-band (1570-1600 nm) erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) by employing the 1480 nm and 980 nm bi-directional pumping configuration. The design criterion of L-band EDFA is to achieve highest channel output power while keeping the differential channel gain to be ¡Õ0.7 dB among 32 channels with low channel noise figure of ¡Õ6 dB. The nine L-band EDFA configurations are examined and compared. These configurations considered include the dual-forward, dual-backward, and different bi-directional pumping schemes, each with and without the midway optical isolator. Among all configurations, we find that the pump-pass case in forward-and-backward pumping scheme by employing the 1480 nm pumping wavelength is the best configuration to offer the highest channel output power with good channel gain uniformity and moderate low noise figure. Then we verified the simulation results through experiments. We also theoretically investigate gain-flattened C-band (1530-1560 nm) EDFA. Using L-band and C-band EDFAs in parallel, we can greatly expand the amplification wavelength region.

In this thesis, we will firstly study the capacitive surface. By combining it with microstrip antenna, we can understand its effects on the properties of antenna, and investigate its miniature property. Next, we will design an electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure without vias to reduce the fabrication cost, and propose a best way of surrounding to combine EBG with antenna. In this way, we can improve the shortcomings of microstrip antenna, such as low gain and back radiation, etc. We will also apply our EBG to MIMO to reduce the mutual coupling and enhance gain. Then we make the MIMO antennas in a mobile device possible by shortening the distance between antennas. Finally, we can effectively shorten the distance and enhance performance even more by using miniature EBG. Both the fabrication and measurement will also be performed.

<p>ABSTRACT: Denna kvalitativa studie handlar om det psykosociala integrationsproblemet för ungdomar med invandrarrötter, men födda och uppvuxna i Sverige. Jag undersökte hur tillhörighetskänslan utvecklas så att individen börjar se sig som en invandrare. Studien fokuserar på ungdomarnas uppfattning om sin sociala identitet. Undersökningen bygger på läsning av litteratur och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Jag intervjuade sex informanter varav en är tjej. Fyra av dem är killar från en ungdomsgrupp i en förort i Stockholm. Den sjätte killen är från en mellanstorstad.</p><p>Jag använde mig av teoretiker som Tönnies, Mead, Asplund, Scheff och Freire och fick med hjälp av studien en förståelse som är att man blir invandrare genom att påta sig stereotypa invandrarroller som man utvecklar i interaktion med samhället. Man upplever utanförskap, känslan av andraklassens medborgare. Man känner sig som en främling.</p><p>En kronisk och icke erkänd skamkänsla uppstår i mötet med svenskar. I invandrarmiljöer upplever man stolthetskänsla. Man upplever relationer med svenskar som ojämställda medan relationer mellan invandrare upplevs som jämställda. Invandraridentitet orsakar en asocial responslöshet gentemot svenskar. Man tar avstånd från majoritetssamhället och söker invandrarmiljöer för att bekräfta sin invandraridentitet och för att hantera utanförskap.</p><p>Man utvecklar en heterogen kultur genom kompisar, familj och populärkultur. Därmed tenderar konflikter och svårigheter med majoritetsbefolkningen att stärka främlingskänslan och bekräfta invandraridentiteten: ”Det som blev var på grund av att jag är en invandrare. Svenskar gillar inte oss.”</p><p>Invandrarungdomsgrupper är både resultatet av och orsaken till denna process och att identitetsstrategin är avgörande för den psykosociala integrationen. Jag skilde i detta sammanhang mellan tre olika identitetsstrategier, nämligen anpassningsstrategi, motståndsstrategi och integrationsstrategi. De två första strategierna bygger på att se den andra som ett objekt medan den sista identitetsstrategin bygger på att se den andra som ett subjekt.</p><p>Nyckelord: Identitet, sociala band, dialog</p>

Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 118). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.