ROSA, M. A. R. O banditismo social em regiões periféricas do Brasil e do México na segunda metade do século XIX: Antônio Silvino e Pancho Villa. 2008. Dissertação (Mestrado) PROLAM, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2008. A partir da segunda metade do século XIX, a América latina é definitivamente incorporada ao sistema capitalista internacional na condição de apêndice do mercado mundial, então liderado pela Inglaterra, como produtora e fornecedora de produtos agrícolas. A consolidação dos princípios liberais defendidos pelas elites políticas das jovens nações americanas estabelece a necessidade da modernização dos setores econômicos internos. Paralelamente, a penetração do capitalismo acarreta profundas transformações sobre os setores sociais e as pressões e o ônus desse mecanismo incidem, em última instância, nas camadas pobres do campo e nas comunidades remanescentes de indígenas. Por intermédio da ação do Estado, inicia-se o processo de apropriação e expansão das terras potencialmente agricultáveis e as regiões outrora remotas e isoladas passam ser integradas à totalidade do território nacional. A desarticulação dos valores camponeses decorrentes desse processo provocou a reação das massas do campo e estimulou o crescimento do banditismo social. No presente trabalho, estabelecemos uma análise paralela, através da utilização do método comparativo, acerca desse processo no nordeste brasileiro e no norte do México, tomando como ponto de partida a ação de dois bandoleiros contemporâneos e atuantes em cada uma dessas áreas. As diferentes trajetórias que se estabelecem entre ambas as personagens, a partir de um determinado momento, revelam a interferência dos processos históricos distintos e particulares em cada país. / ROSA, M.A.R. The social banditism in peripherical areas of Brazil and Mexico on the second half of the XIX century: Antônio Silvino and Pancho Villa. 2008. Dissertation (Master) PROLAM, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2008. Starting from the second half of the XIX century, Latin America is definitely incorporated to the international capitalist system under the condition of the appendix of the world market - which was then ruled by England - as the producer and supplier of agricultural products. The consolidation of the liberal principles defended by American young nations political elites establishes the modernization need of the internal economical sectors. At the same time, the penetration of the Capitalism brings about deep transformations on the social sectors and the pressure and the onus of this mechanism falls, as a last resort, upon the poor rural class in the remaining indigenous communities. By the means of the State action, it starts the process of appropriation and expansion of the potentially agriculturable lands and the regions which were remote and isolated in the past, become integrated to the totality of the national territory. The disconnection of the rural values resulted from this process caused the reaction of the peasant people and stimulated the growth of the social banditism. In this current work, we establish a parallel analysis, through the utilization of the comparative method, about this process in Brazilian Northeast and in the North of Mexico, considering as a starting point the action of two contemporary bandits who acted in each one of these areas. The different trajectories which get established between both characters, starting at a certain moment, reveal the interference of the particular and distinct historical processes in each country

(in English): This diploma thesis focuses on the phenomenon of criminalization in Indian politics. The extensive subject is dealt with in several ways. Apart from the general phenomena surrounding the criminalization of politics, there is, for example, an analysis of institutionalized corruption in the highest spheres of Indian society, as well as ongoing cooperation between regional politicians and local minor criminals. We also analyze the deeper causes of massive electoral support for controversial candidates and their success in a democratic electoral contest. This is closely related to another chaptersummarizing the development of legislative measures taken by the Indian state in order to avoid criminalization and other negative phenomena. In the final section, the diploma thesis examines the phenomenon of "bandit heroes" taking into account the Indian environment and the specific features of the local society. It is concerned in more detail with Phoolan Devi and Veerappan's bandits and explains how these two prominent personalities influenced the recent Indian policy and how they used policies to achieve their own goals. At the same time, we are trying to prove that the establishment of bandits in the state apparatus is a symptom of the final phase of criminalization of politics and not just...

ROSA, M. A. R. O banditismo social em regiões periféricas do Brasil e do México na segunda metade do século XIX: Antônio Silvino e Pancho Villa. 2008. Dissertação (Mestrado) PROLAM, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2008. A partir da segunda metade do século XIX, a América latina é definitivamente incorporada ao sistema capitalista internacional na condição de apêndice do mercado mundial, então liderado pela Inglaterra, como produtora e fornecedora de produtos agrícolas. A consolidação dos princípios liberais defendidos pelas elites políticas das jovens nações americanas estabelece a necessidade da modernização dos setores econômicos internos. Paralelamente, a penetração do capitalismo acarreta profundas transformações sobre os setores sociais e as pressões e o ônus desse mecanismo incidem, em última instância, nas camadas pobres do campo e nas comunidades remanescentes de indígenas. Por intermédio da ação do Estado, inicia-se o processo de apropriação e expansão das terras potencialmente agricultáveis e as regiões outrora remotas e isoladas passam ser integradas à totalidade do território nacional. A desarticulação dos valores camponeses decorrentes desse processo provocou a reação das massas do campo e estimulou o crescimento do banditismo social. No presente trabalho, estabelecemos uma análise paralela, através da utilização do método comparativo, acerca desse processo no nordeste brasileiro e no norte do México, tomando como ponto de partida a ação de dois bandoleiros contemporâneos e atuantes em cada uma dessas áreas. As diferentes trajetórias que se estabelecem entre ambas as personagens, a partir de um determinado momento, revelam a interferência dos processos históricos distintos e particulares em cada país. / ROSA, M.A.R. The social banditism in peripherical areas of Brazil and Mexico on the second half of the XIX century: Antônio Silvino and Pancho Villa. 2008. Dissertation (Master) PROLAM, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2008. Starting from the second half of the XIX century, Latin America is definitely incorporated to the international capitalist system under the condition of the appendix of the world market - which was then ruled by England - as the producer and supplier of agricultural products. The consolidation of the liberal principles defended by American young nations political elites establishes the modernization need of the internal economical sectors. At the same time, the penetration of the Capitalism brings about deep transformations on the social sectors and the pressure and the onus of this mechanism falls, as a last resort, upon the poor rural class in the remaining indigenous communities. By the means of the State action, it starts the process of appropriation and expansion of the potentially agriculturable lands and the regions which were remote and isolated in the past, become integrated to the totality of the national territory. The disconnection of the rural values resulted from this process caused the reaction of the peasant people and stimulated the growth of the social banditism. In this current work, we establish a parallel analysis, through the utilization of the comparative method, about this process in Brazilian Northeast and in the North of Mexico, considering as a starting point the action of two contemporary bandits who acted in each one of these areas. The different trajectories which get established between both characters, starting at a certain moment, reveal the interference of the particular and distinct historical processes in each country

Partindo das narrativas de ficção Galo cantou na baía (1936), de Manuel Lopes, e Um ladrão (1939), de Graciliano Ramos, buscamos investigar as estratégias discursivas dos autores de nosso corpus quando da tentativa de se mobilizar em favor das populações que viviam em condições de extrema carência, tendo na literatura um forte meio de promover os debates urgentes daquele momento histórico, caracterizado pela opressão de regimes ditatoriais. Desta maneira, a perspectiva narrativa é um dos pontos centrais do trabalho. Em confluência com a fatia social retratada nos contos, pareceu-nos fundamental o debate sobre a fome e seus efeitos para o organismo humano, que findou por dirigir nosso trabalho. Encontramos na obra de Josué de Castro uma rica pesquisa capaz de conduzir nossas análises, levando-nos da condição de faminto dos personagens a seu desdobramento: a condição de criminoso principiante. Buscamos analisar, também, as construções ideológicas que influenciavam as consciências naquele período da história, encontrando em Louis Althusser os subsídios para tal análise. / Based on the narratives of fiction Galo cantou na baía (Rooster crowed at the bay) (1936), of Manuel Lopez, and Um ladrão (A thief) (1939), of Graciliano Ramos, we attempted to investigate the discursive strategies of the authors of our corpus, trying a mobilization in the benefit of the people living in extreme deprivation situation, taking the literature as a strong tool to promote urgent debates on that historical moment, characterized by the oppression of dictatorial regimes. Being so, the narrative perspective is one of the central points of this/our work. In confluence with the social share portrayed in the stories, it seemed crucial the debate on hunger and its effects on the human body, which turned out to direct our work.We find in the work of Josué de Castro a rich research capable of conducting our analysis, leading us from the starving condition of the characters to their deployment: the condition of a debut criminal. We also sought to analyze the ideological patterns which influenced the consciousness of that period of the History, getting from Louis Althusser subsidies for such analysis.

Partindo das narrativas de ficção Galo cantou na baía (1936), de Manuel Lopes, e Um ladrão (1939), de Graciliano Ramos, buscamos investigar as estratégias discursivas dos autores de nosso corpus quando da tentativa de se mobilizar em favor das populações que viviam em condições de extrema carência, tendo na literatura um forte meio de promover os debates urgentes daquele momento histórico, caracterizado pela opressão de regimes ditatoriais. Desta maneira, a perspectiva narrativa é um dos pontos centrais do trabalho. Em confluência com a fatia social retratada nos contos, pareceu-nos fundamental o debate sobre a fome e seus efeitos para o organismo humano, que findou por dirigir nosso trabalho. Encontramos na obra de Josué de Castro uma rica pesquisa capaz de conduzir nossas análises, levando-nos da condição de faminto dos personagens a seu desdobramento: a condição de criminoso principiante. Buscamos analisar, também, as construções ideológicas que influenciavam as consciências naquele período da história, encontrando em Louis Althusser os subsídios para tal análise. / Based on the narratives of fiction Galo cantou na baía (Rooster crowed at the bay) (1936), of Manuel Lopez, and Um ladrão (A thief) (1939), of Graciliano Ramos, we attempted to investigate the discursive strategies of the authors of our corpus, trying a mobilization in the benefit of the people living in extreme deprivation situation, taking the literature as a strong tool to promote urgent debates on that historical moment, characterized by the oppression of dictatorial regimes. Being so, the narrative perspective is one of the central points of this/our work. In confluence with the social share portrayed in the stories, it seemed crucial the debate on hunger and its effects on the human body, which turned out to direct our work.We find in the work of Josué de Castro a rich research capable of conducting our analysis, leading us from the starving condition of the characters to their deployment: the condition of a debut criminal. We also sought to analyze the ideological patterns which influenced the consciousness of that period of the History, getting from Louis Althusser subsidies for such analysis.

(in English): The topic of this thesis is poetic work of the premier sardinian poet Sebastiano Satta, in particular thematic constants and reflection of Sardinia in his work. The first chapter is dedicated to the brief overview of historic, social and political context of Sardinia from the unification of Italy until the first world war. Following chapters ale focused on the personal life and work of writor and his integration to the basic context of italian literature at the turn of the 19th and 20th century and their influence to his poetry. After that is thoroughly analyzed poetic work of Sebastiano Satta. There are also chapters regarding the questions of the language and thematic constants in the poetry of the writor. Follows analysis of minor poetry and collections of poems in chronologic way, as Nella Terra dei Nuraghes, Versi ribelli, Canti barbaricini and Canti del Salto e della Tanca. After that follows chapter regarding reception of the writor's poetry. In the final chapter, based on these analysis are evaluated thematic constants and their progress in the course of collections of poems.