A research report submitted to the Faculty of Law, Commerce and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in 50% fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management( in the field of Security) / Bank Alpha is one of the commercial banks operating in Botswana. Despite the generally favourable business environment, it was the only bank which experienced a gradually eroding capital base. This state had been prevailing for over five years since 2011. It led to the regulator intervening on two separate occasions to bring stability. The bank also suffered the highest staff turnover and disgruntled customers who faced stiff withdrawal limits. This study sought to investigate the leadership and governance challenges faced by the bank. It examined how they contributed to the current state and what could be done to mitigate the situation. The study used the contingency leadership theory following the balance score card (BSC) framework to investigate and analyse the events. The results point to the lack of business strategy and communication plan. These led to cross purpose departmental strategy and also a directive leadership approach. / GR2018