No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

[...] The present study, which is intended to supplement the growing body of literature concerned with small-scale traders and marketers in peasant economies, will investigate the nature of the distributive activities of rural Negro women in the Scotland District of Barbados. The various types of distribution will be described in terms of the economic relationships within which internal distribution is conducted. The household roles of Scotland District women will be examined to determine possible relationships between particular roles and particular distributive occupations, and changes from one type of distribution to another will be related to the life cycle of the woman. The household situtations of Scotland District distributors will be compared to those of non-distributors. [...]

This thesis provides information relevant to fisheries in which there is a desire to establish fisherfolk organizations, but where individualistic social networks rather than social cohesion and community prevail. Such situations in small-scale fisheries are poorly documented, but may define limits to the feasibility of co-management. In the case researched, the government of Barbados is designing a fisheries management planning process, but there is insufficient information on the social and economic characteristics of the unmanaged, small-scale, commercial fishery for migratory pelagics to determine whether either a state-structured (bioeconomic) or a cooperative (co-management) approach is appropriate. As a contribution to solving this practical, interdisciplinary problem, this study examined: the fishery-related uncertainties perceived by fisherfolk and government officials in Barbados; the social strategies of atomism, personal networks and formal organizations that fisherfolk may use to cope with uncertainty; and, whether the most appropriate initial management planning approach is bioeconomic or co-management. Research was conducted in Barbados between November 1993 and September 1994 involving surveys, social network analysis, participant observation and the study of official documents. Uncertainties related to fish catch and price were perceived by the majority of fisherfolk to be the most problematic, and the analysis focused on the means of coping with these. Evidence of social atomism was weak. Social networks, which tended to be individualistically-oriented among fishers, boat owners and processors, but more cooperative among vendors, were prevalent. Attempts by the harvest sector to formally organize to obtain market power had failed, but efforts to use this strategy persist. The state was found deficient in fishery planning and management capability. Barriers to communication within the state, and between it and the industry were apparent. Due mainly to the prevalence of networks and the state’s deficiencies, the bioeconomic approach is judged to be inappropriate in this setting. Due mainly to the high level of individualistic competition, the repeated failure of harvest sector organizations, and barriers to communication, co-management is problematic but more likely to be successffil. An incremental, institution-building approach to co-management is proposed due both to the flexibility of this approach and to the current political and planning environment that favours participative initiatives.

In this thesis, I present in captivity and in the field, experimental tests based on innovative feeding to a group of seven opportunistic avian species in Barbados. In chapter 1, I present an example of innovative feeding anecdotes by describing for the first time bread "hunting" and kleptoparasitisim at experimental patches by the Gray Kingbird (Tyrannus dominicensis). In chapter 2, I compare three Passeriforme (the Carib Grackle, Quiscalus lugubris; the Shiny Cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis; the Lesser-Antillean Bullfinch, Loxigilla noctis) and two Columbiforme species (the Zenaida Dove, Zenaida aurita, the Common Ground Dove, Columbina passerina ) on three measures of foraging flexibility presented in the field and in captivity: habituation to mew food patches, willingness to feed near unfamiliar objects (neophobia) and ability to obtain food from a new apparatus. In chapter 3, the two nectar-feeding species in the opportunistic "guild" of Barbados, the bullfinch and the Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola), were given a neophobia test in the field, using dissolved sugar as food. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.