In this diploma thesis is designed a hotel with a restaurant in the recreational areaKunov,close to Senica town. It has a capacity for 50 guests. The smallest rooms are double bedrooms with at least 16 m2anda bathroom 4m2. It is four stars hotel. There are three over ground floors and a basement. On the ground floor there is a reception, toilets, a restaurant for 65 guests. There is also a kitchen and storerooms. There are 5 hotel rooms on the first floor and an office. On the second and third floors there are hotel rooms, common room, cleaning room and laundry room. On the second and third floor there is one wheelchair accessibleroom. In the basement there are utility rooms, storerooms, a workshop, a gym with locker rooms and showers. The main entrance to the building is wheelchair accessible and leads to the reception. There is also a staff entrance from the back of the building and an entrance to the garden with a hotel pool. The roof is designed as a single layer flat roof. On the grounds there are designed outside showers, toilets for men and women and a garden shelter.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Crystalline basement aquifers are an important source of water supply in sub-Saharan Africa for various purposes. These aquifers are characterized by fractured rock networks which form pathways for groundwater recharge, flow, and discharge in subterranean groundwater areas. The fractured rock networks in these areas form fractured rock aquifers which in some cases are protected or reserved. In South Africa, various aquifers with these characteristics have been declared as subterranean groundwater control areas. The physical characteristics of these hydrogeological settings remains crucial in sustaining ecosystems and supporting socio-economic practices such as irrigation, among others. However, the role of fracture connectivity in crystalline basement aquifers remains poorly understood despite the well-established knowledge about the hydrogeological characteristics of such areas. / 2022

Se estudia una porción de la Faja Plegada y Corrida de Malargüe en el sur de los Andes Centrales (Cordillera Principal), Mendoza, Argentina, entre los 34 40 - 35 de latitud sur y 69 - 70 de longitud Oeste. Este área se encuentra regionalmente vinculada en su génesis y evolución al margen continental activo de América del Sur. Se caracteriza por un basamento volcaniclástico-plutónico de edad Permotriásica al que sobreyace una secuencia sedimentaria Triásica a Terciaria diferenciada en los Grupos Cuyo, Lotena, Mendoza, Rayoso, Neuquén, Malargüe y unidades cenozoicas que en conjunto suman un espesor mayor a los 6200 metros. La construcción de este sector del orógeno, asociada a la tectónica andina, involucra al basamento definiéndose a la faja plegada y corrida de Malargüe como epidérmica gruesa. La deformación del basamento y su vinculación con la cubierta sedimentaria permite explicar algunos rasgos notables para las estructuras ándicas de este sector de la Cordillera Principal, como la variación en el rumbo, cambios en la longitud de onda de los pliegues, presencia de múltiples despegues dentro de la cubierta sedimentaria o grandes variaciones de acortamiento entre regiones próximas. El objetivo de esta tesis es desarrollar un modelo cinemático para este sector de la Cordillera Principal argentina, sustentado en un detallado trabajo de superficie y apoyado por los datos disponibles de perforaciones y sísmica. Se interpretan y reconstruyen tres secciones estructurales de 60 km de longitud orientadas en dirección Oeste-Este, subperpendiculares a la dirección relevada para las estructuras tectónicas asociadas a la orogenia andina. Los afloramientos del Grupo Cuyo ocupan la porción occidental de estas secciones, mientras que el Mesozoico medio y alto queda restringido al centro localizándose las unidades terciarias en el borde oriental. Se interpretan dos altos de basamento cuyo rasgo superficial corresponde a importantes sinclinorios, denominados alto del arroyo El Freno y alto del arroyo Blanco, siendo el corrimiento asociado a este último el responsable de la exhumación del Grupo Cuyo desplazándose como falla fuera de secuencia en el último estadio de la evolución del área. La deformación del basamento por fallamiento retrovergente asociado a corrimientos regionales provergentes se revela como una posibilidad altamente confiable para la resolución de problemas tectónicos tanto en este como en otros sectores de la Cordillera Principal. Existe un notable desarrollo espacial de zonaciones estructurales asociadas a la geometría que presenta el basamento para esta porción de la Faja Plegada y Corrida de Malargüe en respuesta al crecimiento y avance del zócalo deformado como resultado de la compresión andina. Se observa una secuencialidad de eventos que permite definir un modelo progresivo en el tiempo, en donde la zonación estructural producida en respuesta a la deformación del zócalo es posteriormente afectada por el desarrollo de una nueva estructura de basamento. Los acortamientos medidos sustentan la imposibilidad de la inversión tectónica como mecanismo de construcción y avance del frente montañoso para esta porción de la Faja Plegada y Corrida de Malargüe, debiendo considerarse aplicar esta posibilidad con mucha cautela en otros sectores de la Cordillera Principal. / This thesis involves the study of the Malargüe Fold and Thrust belt, part of the Central Andes at the southern Cordillera Principal, Mendoza province, Argentina (34 40 35 S and 69 - 70W). The tectonic setting and evolution of the area is controlled by the continental active margin of the South America plate. The Malargüe Fold and Thrust belt is characterized by a volcaniclastic-plutonic Permian-Triassic basement which overlies a sedimentary sequence represented by Cuyo, Lotena, Mendoza, Rayoso, Neuquén and Malargüe Groups and cenozoic units, with more than 6200 meters of thickness. Construction of the mountain front is related to Andean tectonics and involves basement thrust sheets, defining a thick-skinned fold and thrust belt in this particular site of the Central Andes. Relationship between basement and fault and fold sedimentary cover allow us to explain some particular features for Andean structures at the Atuel river valley, such as strike variations, fold wave-length changes, multiple detachments horizons located into the sedimentary cover or different shortening between near localities. The aim of this thesis is to develop a kinematic model for this zone of Cordillera Principal province, supported in a detail field work and well and seismic available data. Three West-East structural sections with 60 km of length are interpreted and reconstructed, subperpendicular to tectonic orientation mapped for Andean structures. Cuyo Group outcrops are located at the western side of the sections, while middle and upper Mesozoic remains restricted to the centre and tertiary deposits are located at the eastern side. According to this, two structural basement highs where interpreted named as arroyo El Freno high and arroyo Blanco high. Regional major thrust involved to the elevation of the arroyo Blanco high is interpreted as responsible of Cuyo Group exhumation, related to an out-of sequence displacement that affects folded Mesozoic sequence in the latest stadium of tectonic evolution of the area. Basement deformation associated to regional master foreland thrusts and the developed of backthrusting appears to be a high confident possibility of resolution of tectonics problems in this area as well in another places of Cordillera Principal Province. There is notable structural zonation related to the basement geometry at this site of Malargüe Fold and Thrust belt in response to the growing and forward movement of deformed crystalline basement as a result of Andean compression. A temporal sequence of events can be observed allowing us to define a progressive model, where the previous structural zonation is affected for a new local basement structure. Shortening measures support impossibility of tectonic inversion of rifting Triassic normal fault system as a viable mechanism of construction y evolvement of mountain front for this part of Malargüe Fold and Thrust belt; a carefully consideration to this option in the study of others sides of Cordillera Principal is suggested.

This study sought to demonstrate the potential applications of the solar chimney for the naturally ventilating a building. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to model various room configurations to assess ventilation strategies. A parametric study of the solar chimney system was executed, and three-dimensional simulations were compared and validated with experiments. A new definition for the hydraulic diameter that incorporated the chimney geometry was developed to predict the flow regime in the solar chimney system. To mitigate the cost and effort to use experiments to analyze building energy, a mathematical approach was considered. A relationship between small- and full-scale models was investigated using non-dimensional analysis. Multiple parameters were involved in the mathematical model to predict the air velocity, where the predictions were in good agreement with experimental data as well as the numerical simulations from the present study. The second part of the study considered building design optimization to improve ventilation using air changes per hour (ACH) as a metric, and air circulation patterns within the building. An upper vent was introduced near the ceiling of the chimney system, which induced better air circulation by removing the warm air in the building. The study pursued to model a realistic scenario for the solar chimney system, where it investigated the effect of the vent sizes, insulation, and a reasonable solar chimney size. It was shown that it is critical to insulate the backside of the absorber and that the ratio of the conditioned area to chimney volume should be at least 10. Lastly, the application of the solar chimney system for basement ventilation was discussed. Appropriate vent locations in the basement were determined, where the best ventilation was achieved when the duct inlet was located near the ceiling and the exhaust vent was located near the floor of the chimney. Sufficient ventilation was also achieved even for scenarios of a congested building when modeling the presence of multiple people. / Ph. D. / Energy consumption is an important issue and has become a great concern during the last few decades, where most energy consumption is utilized for conditioning buildings. Natural ventilation is a method to provide fresh air into the building as well as save energy. The solar chimney system is a natural ventilation technique that utilizes solar energy to ventilate buildings. This study sought to demonstrate the potential applications of the solar chimney to naturally ventilate a building. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to model various room configurations to assess ventilation strategies. This study presented a computational model to study the performance of a solar chimney system in buildings. To mitigate the cost and effort to use experiments to analyze building energy, a mathematical approach was considered, and relationships between small- and full-scale models were developed. The air velocity through the window was predicted using the geometry of the solar chimney system and building, and outdoor conditions, where the predictions agreed well with the experimental data as well as the numerical simulations from the present study. In the second part of the study, building designs were modified to improve ventilation rate and thermal condition of the building. Additionally, multiple factors (insulation, vent sizes, and solar chimney size) were considered in an effort to examine the performance of the solar chimney system in a realistic scenario. Lastly, the application of the solar chimney system for basement ventilation was discussed. Appropriate vent locations in the basement were determined, where the best ventilation was achieved when the duct inlet was located near the ceiling and the exhaust vent was located near the floor of the chimney. Sufficient ventilation was also achieved even for scenarios of a congested building when modeling the presence of multiple people.

En France métropolitaine, les projets de géothermie haute température pour la production d’électricité sont principalement localisés dans le socle des fossés d’effondrement liés à la mise en place du Rift Ouest Européen. Le socle de ces fossés a été étudié sur deux analogues à l’affleurement sur les épaules du rift : les Vosges du Nord pour le fossé Rhénan et la bordure Est du Massif central pour la fosse de Valence. Cette étude a permis de montrer que le réseau de failles s’organise selon trois ordres de grandeurs de longueurs et d’espacements caractéristiques qui individualisent des blocs structuraux. Les orientations et l’espacement des failles formant ces blocs et la présence ou l’absence de certains ordres de grandeurs sont le résultat de l’héritage anté-rift du socle, ainsi que du mécanisme d’ouverture du bassin. Le potentiel réservoir des formations de socle et de la couverture surincombante a été analysé au regard de ces zones de failles et de l’altération supergène qui affecte le toit du socle. Ainsi, les lithologies potentiellement rencontrées en base des fossés ont pu être classées en fonction du potentiel de développement de porosité et de perméabilité matricielle dans les cœurs de failles, les zones endommagées et le réseau pervasif de fractures dans le protolithe. L’évolution de la fracturation dans les zones de failles a également pu être appréhendé, et une méthodologie de modélisation double milieu a été élaborée pour caractériser la porosité et la perméabilité de fractures et modéliser le fonctionnement d’un doublet géothermique dans une faille synthéthique équivalente aux cibles des projets géothermiques / High temperature geothermal projects for electricity production are in France mostly localized in the basement of basins linked to the West European Rifting event. The basement of theses basins have been studied on two outcrop analogues at the shoulders of the rift: the Northern Vosges mountains for the Upper Rhine Graben and the Eastern border of the Massif central for the Valence Graben. This study has shown that the fault network is organized in three orders of size with characteristic length and spacing, and that form characteristic structural blocks. The orientation and spacing of these faults and the presence or absence of some size orders are the result of structural inheritance of the basement and the mechanism of the basin opening. The reservoir potential of the basement rocks and the surrounding sedimentary cover has been analysed in light of the fault zones structure and the weathered layer at the top of the basement. Thus, the basement rocks of the basins has been classified in light of the potential of matrix porosity and permeability development in the fault core, the damaged zone and the fractured protolith. The evolution of the fracture network in the fault zone has been studied too, with the development of a double-porosity model in order to characterize the fracture porosity and permeability, and therefore simulate the working of a geothermal doublet in a synthethic fault zone analogue of the geothermal drilling targets

This diploma thesis solves the design of a new hotel with restaurant. The content is the project documentation for construction work. The building is located in the cadastral territory of Vyškov. The hotel is designed for eating and short-term accommodation 58 people. Is it a two-storey and partially basement building with flat roof. In the basement there are a technical rooms and warehouses. In the first floor there are restaurant, kitchen, warehouses and offices. In the second floor there are only hotel rooms. The hotel is a detached building, the shape of the building as the letter L.

This diploma thesis solves a hotel in Třebíč, street Svabinského. The hotel is designed as four-storey, building with a basement, with warm flat roof over the fourth floor and terrace on the fourth floor. The hotel has 20 rooms with a total capacity of 44 persons. In the hotel is a restaurant for guests hotel. External walls in basement are made of concrete blocks. External walls in above-ground floors are made of brick blocks Heluz with external thermal insulation. Plot is planar. Part of the design is thermal assessment, accustic assessment and fire safery assessment.

Xenolith-bearing orthogneiss of Amazonian affinity discovered in the Dellwood quadrangle in the Blue Ridge basement complex represents the oldest crustal component of the southern Appalachians (1.33 – 1.37 Ga: Quinn, 2012). New U-Pb zircon ages for migmatitic paragneiss of the Cartoogechaye terrane exposed in the Dellwood quadrangle reveal two unique detrital zircon age signatures that indicate either a local eastern Laurentian margin source or an exotic source. Detailed mapping, whole rock geochemistry, and U-Pb zircon geochronology were conducted to determine whether this exotic crustal component extends farther south into the Hazelwood 7.5” quadrangle. Lithological similarities exist between paragneisses in the Dellwood quadrangle and those in the Hazelwood quadrangle. However, the increase in proportion of leucosome and polyphase folding prevent direct correlation of lithologies between the areas. Whole rock major element compositions overlap the composition of basement orthogneisses. Zircon ages of six paragneiss samples reveal multiple detrital zircon age modes that are dominated by two Grenville modes at ~1050 and 1150 Ma. Minor zircon populations exist at ~450 – 480, 700 – 900, and 1300 – 1500 Ma. Age distributions and compositional trends are evidence that the protolith of the paragneiss in the Hazelwood quadrangle was Neoproterozoic rift sediments with a dominant Laurentian margin source.

The signalling cascade induced by the binding of neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT3 and NT4) to their high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptors (TrkA, B and C) is well documented to be important for neuronal cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Evidence has accumulated demonstrating the importance of these signalling pathways in nonneuronal tissues, including the ovary where all neurotrophins and their receptors are expressed. In the mouse, effects on ovulation have been demonstrated but the role of Trk signalling in neonatal ovary development is less clear. Previous work had found that TrkB expression is upregulated at the time of follicle formation in the mouse and transgenic mice null for the TrkB receptor demonstrate significant loss of oocytes neonatally (TrkB knockouts, KO, die shortly after birth). This thesis examines the phenotype of the TrkB KO using morphological, histological and surgical techniques with the aim being to further investigate the role of TrkB signalling in oocyte survival, and to contribute to our understanding of neonatal ovary development. The main questions addressed are: 1) what developmental defects are occurring on a morphological level that result in the phenotype of the TrkB KO; 2) can these defects be quantified; and 3) what are the longterm survival prospects for TrkB KO oocytes. Morphological assessment revealed that TrkB KO ovaries exhibit poorer follicle health than their Controls and this was confirmed by assessment of basement membrane (BM) composition. TrkB KO brain and kidney were also assessed and found to have similarly affected BM. It is well known that cells require contact with the BM to maintain survival, thus it is postulated that TrkB signalling contributes to oocyte survival through regulation of the BM. Due to the postnatal lethality of the mutation, TrkB KO ovaries were transplanted to ascertain long-term oocyte survival. Unexpectedly it was found that TrkB KO oocytes are able to survive and follicles grow as well as they do in the Control transplants. Consequently, the in vivo effect has to be indirect. It is known that oocytes in the neonatal ovary undergo an increased rate of cell death but it is not known how the cell debris is removed. A novel observation of a neonatal ovarian immune response has been made in this thesis and is postulated to be a physiological mechanism for cell debris clearance. In conclusion, this thesis has demonstrated that signalling through TrkB has an effect on regulating BM in the ovary and other organs, but that surprisingly it has an indirect effect on oocyte survival.

The Grenville orogeny was a protracted (~200 m.y.) series of “hot” magmatic- metamorphic events that contributed to the growth of the Laurentian margin in the late Mesoproterozoic. The granites contain remarkably high Zr content, lack xenocrysts, and become zircon saturated at high temperatures, which are all unusual for felsic magmas. The “hot Grenville granite” hypothesis is tested and use of high-Zr granitoids as potential zones of crustal magma generation through: U-Pb geochronology and cathodoluminescence imaging to assess inherited zircon components; quantitative modeling of zircon crystallization history using rhyolite-MELTS; and Ti-in-zircon thermometry. U-Pb zircon ages for two samples from the Virginia Blue Ridge are 1168 ± 25 Ma (2209 ppm Zr; Tzr = 1032°C) and 1050 ± 13 Ma (918 ppm Zr; Tzr = 898°C). A sample from the NJ – Hudson Highlands has been dated at 1018 ± 11 Ma (1238 ppm Zr; Tzr = 960°C). These samples produce crystallization histories that range over higher temperatures (983–1060°C) than colder, low-Zr counterparts and contain Ti concentrations of 2 to 86 ppm. This analytical approach will further the understanding of zircon’s utility and limitations as a proxy in granite petrogenesis, and constrain thermal models that produced uncommon lithospheric conditions that led to widespread hot granite production at a unique period in Earth history.