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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Produção e Caracterização de Biocombustíveis por Craqueamento de Óleo Vegetais via Catálise com Bauxita / Production and characterization of the biofuels by cracking of vegetable oils through bauxite catalysis

PRADO, Cinara Machado Rodrigues do 06 August 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:12:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Mestrado-Cinara.pdf: 1736024 bytes, checksum: 126d388a06dc6a07bfa52d649a037365 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-06 / In this work, raw bauxite, thermally activated calcined bauxite, calcined bauxite underwent acid treatment were the catalysts tested by its potential in the thermal catalytic cracking reaction looking forward to the production of biofuels from commercial soybean oil as an alternative to fossil fuels. The materials were characterized by the techniques ICP-OES, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and textural analysis. The chromatographic analysis of the biofuels obtained by cracking of commercial soybean oil showed hydrocarbon compounds such as alkanes, alkenes and aromatics, as well as some oxygenated compounds such as carboxylic acids, ketones and alcohols. The products generated by the thermal catalytic cracking process with thermally activated calcined bauxite showed better results than the thermal cracking products because of the low quantity of acids present, which provided biofuels with a lower acidity index, and absence of acrolein. Therefore, the catalyst which was used demonstrated activity in the secondary cracking process, in which fatty acids decompose and give rise to hydrocarbons. The cracking tests with raw bauxite generated a lower biofuels yield and significant amount of solid product and residual oil making unfeasible the process. In order to evaluated the potential of used industrial waste sources for production of alternative fuels, the cracking of the waste vegetable oil studied together with the optimum of the reaction conditions obtained satisfactory result in the gaseous and liquid yield and percentage of crude biofuels generated. The biofuel presented similar composition observed in the biofuels obtained in thermal catalytic cracking of xv commercial soybean oil. This proved that the thermal catalytic cracking process is an alternative solution for the reutilization of waste vegetable oil and fats, both, when discarded inadequately can become environment pollutants / Neste trabalho, a bauxita in natura , bauxita calcinada termo ativada e bauxita calcinada tratada com ácido clorídrico foram os catalisadores avaliados quanto ao seu potencial frente à reação de craqueamento termocatalítico do óleo de soja comercial para obtenção de biocombustíveis alternativos aos combustíveis fósseis. Estes materiais foram caracterizados através das técnicas de ICP-OES, espectroscopia no infravermelho, análise termogravimétrica, difração de raios X e análise textural. As análises cromatográficas dos biocombustíveis obtidos por craqueamento do óleo de soja comercial evidenciaram a presença de hidrocarbonetos - tais como alcanos, alcenos e aromáticos - e compostos oxigenados como ácidos carboxílicos, cetonas e alcoóis. Os produtos formados no processo de craqueamento termo-catalítico com bauxita calcinada termo ativada apresentaram-se melhores resultados do que os obtidos no craqueamento térmico, devido à menor quantidade de ácidos carboxílicos presentes, o que proporciona a obtenção de biocombustíveis com menor acidez, e isento de acroleína. Portanto, este catalisador demonstrou atuar no processo de craqueamento secundário, no qual os ácidos graxos se decompõem originando hidrocarbonetos. Os testes de craqueamento com bauxita in natura geraram baixos rendimentos de biocombustíveis brutos e na formação de quantidades significativas de produto sólido e óleo residual, tornando o processo inviável. A fim de avaliar o potencial de utilizar fontes de resíduos industriais para se obter combustíveis líquidos alternativos estudouse o craqueamento de óleo vegetal residual empregando as condições reacionais otimizadas, obtendo resultados satisfatórios em rendimento de produtos líquidos e gasosos e o percentual de biocombustível bruto, sendo que o biocombustível obtido apresentou composição similar aos obtidos no craqueamento termo-catalítico de óleo de soja comercial. Isto mostra que o processo de craqueamento termo-catalítico constitui uma alternativa para reutilização de óleos e gorduras residuais, os quais, quando descartados inadequadamente podem vir a se constituir poluentes ambientais

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