MicroNIR is a portable near-infrared diffuse reflection spectroscope. Its suitability for identifying environmental plastic polymers was evaluated through a series of performance tests. The plastic samples were collected during a beach survey in the Caribbean. First a reference database was built by analysing a series of reference plastic polymers. Prediction models were constructed by using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis on 2D- and 3D-scatterplots. Measurements of samples with a surface area down to 1 mm2 were successfully identified with the prediction models. Blend spectra were created by measuring two polymers simultaneously, from which each polymer NIR-fingerprint were able to be individually extracted from the blend spectra by subtracting the NIR-fingerprint of the opposite polymer. Prediction models were used to identify the samples in the tests with household plastics and the environmental plastic samples, collected in the Caribbean. Out of the forty-eight samples collected forty (83%) were identified. Twenty-seven were identified as polyethylene (56%), eleven as polypropylene (23%), one as polystyrene (2%), and one as polyamide (2%).

Ces travaux visent à inscrire le monitoring des plages récifales de l'île de La Réunion dans la « Stratégie Nationale de Gestion Intégrée des Zones Côtières » (2012). Elle oriente les recherches vers une démarche labellisée sur le long terme qui se concrétise par la mise en place de protocoles de mesures normalisés déployés sur des sites ateliers. Le site de l'Ermitage devient, en 2012, le premier site atelier en zone tropicale et de type bioclastique labellisé à l'échelle nationale (AllENVI, puis INSU en 2014). La dynamique des plages d'arrière-récif demeure à ce jour peu étudiée à travers le monde. Les plages bioclastiques de La Réunion sont le produit de récifs coralliens décrits comme dégradés par les biologistes depuis les années 80. Elles sont confrontées à une très forte anthropisation. Des formes marquées d'érosion se lisent dans ces paysages littoraux. La révision des protocoles de suivi de la topographie des plages tout en exploitant les suivis historiques, vise à illustrer la pluralité des dynamiques en contexte d'arrière-récif. La diversité des processus et des échelles spatio-temporelles impliqués dans le fonctionnement hydro-sédimentaire des plages récifales nécessite la mise en œuvre de méthodes d'observation in situ adaptées, comparables et reproductibles. Dans cette étude nous exploitons surtout les suivis topographiques des plages à l'échelle évènementielle, saisonnière et pluriannuelle. Par l'analyse morphologique et volumétrique des séries de profils topographiques, la variabilité morphosédimentaire en zone intertidale et supratidale est décrite. La significativité de la mesure de la mobilité du trait de côte est également questionnée. / Long-term assessment of beach morphodynamic is a great challenge to understand future trajectories of these landforms. In France, in 2012, a national strategy for an integrated management of shoreline has been adopted. This one lead to creation of research labels (SOERE and SNO) which aim to sustain scientific researches dedicated to sandy beach morphodynamic in response to various hydrodynamics forcing. Shoreline monitoring on selected pilot sites is conducted within network where normalized protocols and high quality data are guaranteed at long-term scale. The French coastline also extend in tropical zone through its ultramarine territories. Tropical shoreline are among the most sensitive environment however they remain poorly studied. Since, 2012, Reunion island, a French department in Indian Ocean, integrated the SOERE network. Coral reef and coral beaches which preferentially developed on the western coast are frequently threatened by major swell event associated with tropical cyclones or long period swell. Since now, the beach trend evolution and morphogenic processes have not been quantified. However past monitoring exists which has consisted in topographic measurement along beach profile based on empirical protocols which produced biaised data. Since its integration within SOERE network, DGPS survey are now conducted along the different coral beach compartments of Reunion Island at seasonal and post-storm scale. This study aims to capitalize historical and DGPS beach topographic data in order to quantify long term and post-storm beach response and recovery from Cap Champagne to Trou d'Eau.