The Cody Complex is a late Paleo-Indian complex found throughout the Great Plains of North America. In Saskatchewan, material of the complex is mostly found as surface finds and therefore out of its original context. In situ Cody Complex material has only been recovered from three excavated sites in Saskatchewan. While various archaeologists (professional and avocational) have collected and recorded Cody material from surface finds throughout the province, the results of their efforst have not been widely disseminated. These issues have led to a situation in which little is known about the Cody Complex in Saskatchewan. This thesis attempts to begin correcting this problem, firstly by acting as a reference source by compiling as much information as possible on the Cody Complex material found throughout Saskatchewan. Included in these reference materials are pictures, measurements and find locations of the projectile points and Cody knives whenever such information is available. Secondly an attempt is made to determine possible Cody Complex mobility and landuse patterns within the province. Mobility and landuse patterns were determined based on the lithic material types used to make the Cody Complex projectile points and Cody knives. In particular the find locations of various specimens was compared to where the material could be acquired. Cody Complex projectile points and the associated knives were focused on due to most Cody Complex material in the province being surface collected. Based on the lithic types used to create these tools, the Cody Complex people in Saskatchewan were practicing a highly mobile and non-local landuse pattern, with a particular focus of interactions with more southern areas such as the Knife River Flint quarry area of North Dakota.

In the boreal forests of northeastern Alberta and northwestern Saskatchewan, one of the most abundant and reliable sources of lithic material was the Quarry of the Ancestors. This Quarry is located 50 km northwest of Ft. McMurray, AB and is the primary source of Beaver River Sandstone; a lithic raw material that dominates the archaeological stone tool and debitage assemblages in this region. Other lithic materials, such as quartzite, chert, and quartz, were accessible in gravel and glacial tills and in lakeshore and river beds scattered across northern Alberta and Saskatchewan. The analysis of stone tools from 31 archaeological sites spanning 260 km from the Quarry into the Descharme River system, in northwestern Saskatchewan, suggests that as pre-contact people moved across the landscape and away from the Quarry, they maintained and recycled their tools and used whatever other lithic resources were available. In contexts where there were issues with the availability, quality and abundance of lithic raw materials, the mobility of pre-contact hunter-gatherers may have been strongly influenced by the distribution of these lithic sources. However, the availability of food resources may have also been a strong influence over mobility patterns in circumstances where these lithic raw material issues were less marked. Northern Dene groups of this region are known to have travelled hundreds of kilometers seasonally following barren-ground caribou whose wintering grounds extended well into northwestern Saskatchewan. Through the distribution of lithic raw material and the analysis of lithic tool technology, I explore the role these two important resources had in shaping the overall organization of pre-contact hunter-gatherer mobility strategies employed in these two regions.