This diploma thesis deal with double problematic both engine bed of Jabiru 3000 engine and by overhead container. In both cases the engineering design is solved with compliance of ASTM F2245-04 LSA rules. The structures are shaped by Catia V5R17 software. For calculation of acting forces of bar model of the engine bed Finite Element Method software Patran was used. Strength verification of both engine bed and container was done analytically.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Delaware, 2006. / Principal faculty advisor: James E. Pizzuto, Dept. of Geological Sciences. Includes bibliographical references.

The research focus is on the various modeling aspects of flow and sediment transport in water bodies and watersheds. The interaction of flow with a mobile bed involves a complex process in which various turbulent scales characterized by coherent structures cause a chaotic sediment motion. In many rivers and natural waterways secondary flows that are dominating flow struc-tures bring about more complications. In estuaries and open waterbodies thermal stratification and internal mixing control the flow structure besides the flow interaction with the mobile bed. To adequately model these processes 3D coupled flow and transport models are needed. The research is based on use and adaptation of open source codes for 3D hydrodynamic and sediment transport model known as Estuarine Coastal Ocean Model (ECOMSED) and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. A bed load transport model was developed and coupled to ECOMSED. The flow and sediment transport characteristics in a curved channel and a river reach were successfully captured by the model. Improvements in ECOMSED were made to study the effect of wind and basin bathymetry on mixing and flow exchange between two estuaries. Using spectral analysis the hydrological component of SWAT model was investigated for its applicability under limited data conditions in three Ethiopian catchments. / QC 20100827

No description available.

<p>The fully integrated 3-D, time dependant, hydrodynamic and sediment transport numerical model ECOMSED was used to simulate flow and sediment transport in rivers. ECOMSED was originally developed for large water bodies such as lakes and oceans and solves the primitive equations of RANS along with a second order turbulence model in an orthogonal curvilinear σ- coordinate system. The availability of the model as an open FORTRAN source code made modifications and addition of new models possible. A new bed load transport model was implemented in the code as well as improvements in treatment of river roughness parameterization, bed form effects, and automatic update of flow depth due to bed evolution. The model was applied to 1- km long reach of the River Klarälven, Sweden, where it bifurcates into two west and east channels. The water surface and the flow division in the channels were made in agreement with field data by spatially varying the roughness. However, the spatial distribution of the bed shear stress was not realistic. Improvements were made in the bottom boundary condition to represent the variable effects of bed forms on roughness depending on the flow regime and the flow depth. The improved model realistically reproduced the flow field as well as the sediment transport processes in the river Klarälven.</p>

No description available.

Univ., Diss.--Utrecht, 2004. / Zsfassung in engl. und niederl. Sprache.

Cette thèse aborde le sujet du monitorage par acoustique passive dans les rivières pour la mesure du transport sédimentaire par charriage. La motivation de la recherche est l’utilisation d’hydrophones déployés dans un cours d’eau pour détecter et mesurer le bruit des sédiments transportés sur le fond de la rivière. La technique est très prometteuse grâce à la facilité de déploiement sur le terrain et aux coûts réduits mais elle est encore déficitaire en méthodologie sur la connaissance du bruit ambiant. Le bruit ambiant est un mélange de sources de bruit parmi lesquelles se trouve le bruit du transport par charriage des sédiments. La classification des bandes passantes des spectres acoustiques permet de séparer les différentes sources acoustiques. Dans cette thèse, on analyse la dynamique du charriage par l’analyse de la variabilité de la bande passante du charriage des spectres acoustiques. Cette variabilité peut être temporelle, sur des chroniques acoustiques, et spatiale sur des mesures en plusieurs points de la section de la rivière.La recherche commence par une analyse théorique sur les solutions analytiques des impacts hertziens entre deux sphères rigides ou entre une sphère et le fond considéré comme une plaque. La sensibilité des fréquences centrales et des pics spectraux est dominée premièrement par les dimensions des particules et secondement par la vitesse d’impact. La solution analytique est utilisée conjointement avec des distributions granulométriques pour définir un modèle linéaire d’addition des spectres. La forme du spectre ainsi modélisé dépend notamment par des caractéristiques statistiques de la distribution granulométrique et de la vitesse d’impact du modèle d’impact. Le modèle spectral est dans un état simplifié parce qu’on suppose une vitesse d’impact uniforme quelle que soit la dimension des particules en collision et également parce qu’on ne considère pas les effets de l’atténuation à cause de la diffusion ou l’absorption des ondes sonores.Le modèle spectral du charriage est utilisé par une méthode d’inversion des densités spectrales de puissances afin d’estimer la distribution granulométrique des sédiments transportés. La méthode d’inversion nommée « Non-Negative Least Square » est purement algébrique car elle est définie comme un problème au sens de moindres carrés avec une contrainte de positivité sur la solution. Les mesures sur deux rivières à graviers, Isère à Grenoble et la Drave, à Dellach en Autriche, donnent des résultats en concordance avec les mesures du transport sédimentaire. On a observé que l’inversion des spectres permet l’analyse de la dynamique des courbes granulométriques estimées tant spatiale (sur l’Isère à Grenoble) que temporelle (sur la Drave à Dellach).Le modèle de charriage est encore développé par l’intégration de la physique du transport sédimentaire, de l’hydraulique et de l’acoustique des impacts. Ce modèle vise l’analyse de spatialité et la temporalité des impacts dans une section de la rivière et donne une approche plus complète au modèle de charriage précédemment présenté. L’identification des spectres modélisés à des spectres simulés permet des modéliser les taux des impacts (et les flux sédimentaires) et la localisation de la bande principale de charriage dans la rivière de l’Isère à Grenoble. / This thesis deals with theoretical and experimental concepts of passive acoustic monitoring of sediment transport in rivers. Hence, the motivation is the use of hydrophones to sense the sound pressure generated by impacts between the sediments that are transported on the bed river. The technique is very cheap and easy to deploy on the field but it lacks of knowledge on the nature of the river soundscape’s acoustic sources. In order to separate the various types of noise sources composing the soundscape, a spectral analysis is frequently used to detect the bedload noise passband. The bedload spectral information is used in this thesis to estimate the transported, or bedload, grain size distribution. The study is based on the physical evidence of the existence of a dependency between the size of impacting particles and the frequency of the impacts. Therefore, the spatial and temporal dynamics of the bedload grain size distributions in gravel rivers will be assessed by developing acoustic spectra indexes.Firstly, the analytic solutions of hertzian impact between two rigid spheres and between a sphere and a slab are studied. The spectrum’s center and peak frequencies are most sensible on the grain size and then on the impact velocity. The analytic solutions and grain size distributions are used to model bedload acoustic spectra. Such model is sensible on the grain size distribution shape followed by the impact velocities of sediments. Its definition does not include non-linear transmission losses, i.e. attenuation with frequency due to scattering and absorption effects, and also the impact velocity is constant no matter the dimension of particles.Secondly, the bedload acoustic model is used for implementing inversion methods to estimate the grain size distributions. Such a method is defined in a least square algebraically framework, named the Non-Negative Least Square method, and uses analytical solutions of hertzian impacts to inverse the acoustic spectra. Field measurements on two large gravel rivers like Isère River, in Grenoble, France, and Drau River, at Dellach, in Austria, revealed coherent results as validated by physical sampling trials of bedload transport. It was observed a spatial variability in the estimated grain size distribution across the Isère River whereas a temporal variability was observed from the inversion of Drau River’s spectra.The previous bedload spectral model is enhanced by including concepts from the physics of fractional transport rate in gravel rivers, of particle saltation model and acoustic models of propagation. One can model acoustic maps of bedload noise from spatializing the impact rates at the reach scale. Here, the model is tests to localize the bedload noise in the Isère River’s cross-section by matching the measured spectra to the modeled ones. The acoustic maps obtained from this model are successfully predicted as validated by the measured maps in the Isère River in Grenoble.

Les mécanismes complexes qui régissent la morphologie des rivières en tresses et l'interaction avec le tri granulométrique restent encore à approfondir. Cette thèse s'articule autour de trois thèmes : l'étude de la déstabilisation d'un système en tresses puis sa mise à l'équilibre, l'interaction de la morphologie avec le tri granulométrique et enfin la prédiction du transport solide. Pour cela, nous avons étudié 3 modélisations de différents systèmes alluviaux : des bancs alternés en granulométrie étendue (durée 100h), un système en tresses en granulométrie uniforme (durée 385h) et enfin un système en granulométrie étendue (durée 435h). Chaque modèle de tresses a subi plusieurs changements de conditions d'alimentation. Il ressort que seul un paramètre, la surface du lit situé au delà de la pente moyenne, pourrait être un bon candidat pour comparer l'état d'équilibre (érosion ou exhaussement) de différents systèmes. Pour une étude d'un site donnée, les paramètres classiques comme la pente ou le Bed Relief Index (BRI) sont tout aussi pertinents. Le tri granulométrique sur les systèmes divaguants se manifeste de plusieurs façons : il est à l'origine de la migration du chenal principal et participe activement à la formation de patchs sédimentaires, catalyseurs de l'émergence des bancs. Les lobes sédimentaires qui se retrouvent dans le modèle en granulométrie uniforme n'apparaissent que dans certains cas, laissant place à une mobilité des sédiments discontinue, généralement de proche en proche. La modélisation du transport solide dans ces systèmes à faciès complexes se heurte à la forte variabilité des conditions hyro-sédimentaires. L'abondance de confluences et des fronts de bancs modifie la relation de transport avec les conditions locales. L'influence de la morphologie est prépondérante dans la dynamique du transport solide. / Complex mechanisms involved in braided rivers morphology and the interaction with the grain sorting are slightly studied. Throughout this thesis, we study the morphological signature of a system at equilibrium, and the interaction between the bed morphology and grain sorting. From our small-scale experiments, we studied the prediction of sediment transport. We studied three different small-scale streams, a alternate bars model with heterogeneous sediment (duration 100h), a braided stream model using uniform sand (duration 385h) and a braided stream model using sand and coarse sand mixture (duration 435h). Upstream conditions have been changed several times for each braided stream. It appears that the only one relevant index to compare sediments stages of different streams is the surface above the average slope. To study a single site's evolution, the traditional parameters such as slope or Bed Relief Index (BRI) are relevant enough. We observed different effects of grain sorting. First, grain sorting is responsible of selective depositions and led to active channel migration. The selective deposition leads to bar emergence. Sedimentary lobes that we observed on uniform sand model were rarely noticed on the sand and coarse sand mixture experiment. This results suggests that sediments motion is tiny linked to grain size range. Modeling of sediment transport in such varied morphology faces different problems. Plenty of confluences and fronts bars changes sediment transport and local conditions connections. The influence of morphology is predominant in the dynamic of sediment transport.

Orientadores: Eugênio Spanó Rosa, Erick de Moraes Franklin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T18:21:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Figueiredo_FabiolaTocchinide_M.pdf: 4897680 bytes, checksum: 594ff391035bd0cca23d8d6ccc9465f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O transporte de grãos por um fluido em escoamento é frequentemente encontrado na natureza e na indústria. Está presente, por exemplo, na erosão das margens de rios, na migração de dunas no deserto e no transporte de areia em dutos. O mecanismo de transporte se dá através da transferência da quantidade de movimento do fluido para os grãos. Quando a força exercida pelo fluido no leito granular é capaz de mover alguns grãos, mas é relativamente pequena comparada ao peso dos grãos, o escoamento não é capaz de transportar os grãos como suspensão. Forma-se uma camada móvel de grãos em contato com a parte fixa do leito, conhecida como leito móvel (em inglês, 'bed-load'). Se o fluido é um líquido, a espessura desta camada móvel é de apenas alguns diâmetros de grão. A transferência de quantidade de movimento do fluido para os grãos altera o campo de escoamento tornando o perfil de velocidades diferente do caso de leito fixo. Este trabalho está interessado em entender as mudanças que acontecem no escoamento de um líquido turbulento devido à presença de um leito granular móvel, este fenômeno é conhecido como 'feed-back effect'. Os experimentos foram realizados em um canal horizontal de seção retangular e o equipamento de medida PIV (em inglês, 'Particle Image Velocimetry') foi usado para medir o escoamento turbulento de água sobre leitos granulares fixos e móveis. Os perfis de velocidade sobre leito granular fixo e móvel foram medidos para dois diferentes tamanhos de grãos, 160 'mi'm e 360 'mi'm, para a mesma vazão, em condições próximas ao limite de mobilidade dos grãos. Esta é a primeira vez que esta perturbação é experimentalmente medida no caso de escoamento turbulento de líquidos em regime hidraulicamente liso / Abstract: The transport of granular matter by a fluid flow is frequently found in nature and in industry. It is present for example, in the erosion of river banks, in the displacement of desert dunes and on the transport of sand in hydrocarbon pipelines. The entraining mechanism is the momentum transfer from the fluid flow to the grains. When the forces exerted by the fluid flow on the granular bed are able to move some grains, but are relatively small compared to the grains weight, the flow is not able to transport grains as a suspension. Instead a mobile layer of grains, known as bed-load, takes place. If the fluid is a liquid, the bed-load thickness is only a few grains diameters. The momentum transfer from the fluid to the mobile layer alters the fluid flow itself, i. e., the fluid flow is different from that if the bed were static. In this work we are interested in quantifying the changes (perturbation) caused by a mobile layer of grains (granular transport as bed-load) on a turbulent liquid flow. The experiments were performed on a horizontal closed-conduit channel of rectangular cross section and a PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) device was used to measure the turbulent water flow over fixed and mobile granular beds. The turbulent fully-developed velocity profiles over fixed and mobile granular beds were measured for two different diameter of grains, 160 'mi'm and 360 'mi'm, for roughly the same water flow rates, in conditions near the threshold of the bed-load. The spatial resolution of the measurements allows the experimental quantification of this perturbation and comparison with bed-load theories. The mean flow profiles were obtained, so that the effects of bed-load on the shear stress could be determined. This is the first time that this perturbation is experimentally measured in the case of turbulent flows of liquids / Mestrado / Termica e Fluidos / Mestra em Engenharia Mecânica