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Orientador: Oswaldo Durival Rossi Júnior / Banca: Angela Cleusa de Fatima Banzatto de Carvalho / Banca: Naiá Carla Marchi de Rezende Lago / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar físico-química e microbiologicamente a carne bovina moída comercializada na cidade de Jaboticabal, SP. Para tanto, foram colhidas 60 amostras, sendo 30 amostras de carne moída na presença do consumidor (processo 1) e 30 amostras previamente moída e mantida em balcões refrigerados (processo 2). As mesmas foram submetidas à determinação da população de microrganismos aeróbios ou facultativos mesófilos e psicrotróficos viáveis, bolores e leveduras, enumeração de Staphy/ococcus coagulase positivo, determinação do Número Mais Provável de coliformes fecais e pesquisa de Sa/monella sp. A avaliação físico-química das amostras baseou-se na determinação do pH, amônia, H2S e capacidade de retenção de água para verificar o estado de conservação da carne. As análises microbiológicas revelaram que não ocorreram diferenças estatísticas entre as amostras de carne moída na hora e aquela previamente moída e mantida em balcões refrigerados. Porém, para microrganismos mesófilos, coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes e Staphy/ococcus sp as populações do processo 2 foram numericamente superiores. Todas as amostras foram positivas para amônia e para H2S, indicando algum grau de proteólise, muito embora a maioria das amostras apresentou pH e tempo de filtração dentro da faixa aceitável de consumo. Todas as amostras analisada apresentaram ausência total de salmonelas, estando em conformidade com a legislação brasileira. / Abstract: This research aims to evaluate the microbiology quality and physical-chemical properties of ground beef sold at Jaboticabal City, São Paulo, Brazil. For that, 60 sample were token from different commercial establishments, being 30 sample of beef grounded in the front of consumer (process 1) and 30 others previously grounded and maintained at refrigerated counter (process 2). The samples were submitted to various determinations, as follow: populations of mesophilic aerobic bacteria and psychotropics, moulds and yeasts, coagulase positive Staphy/ococcus enumeration, Most Probable Number (MPN) of total and fecal coliforms and the research of Sa/monella sp. The physical-chemical evaluation of samples where made according to pH determination, ammonium, H2S and water retention capacity just to verify the beef conservation status. The microbiological analysis showed that there is no statistical difference between the meet grounded in the front of consumer and the previously ground beef. However, for mesophilic microorganisms, total coliforms, fecal coliforms and Staphy/ococcus sp the populations of process 2 were numerically superior. Ali samples were positives to ammonium and H2S, indicating some proteolyses grade, although the most of them showed pH and filtration time inside of acceptable band of consume. Also, ali analyzed samples showed total absence of Sa/monella sp, being in agreement to Brazilian Standards Established. / Mestre

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

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The cattle shown at the prestigious All-American Angus Futurity were studied in order to evaluate the relationship between various body measurements. The measurements taken included wither height, hip height, body length, fat thickness,and weight. Also, these measurements were analyzed in order to determine if Angus cattle had gained in genetic frame size. Data were collected for the 805 animals shown in the years 1974 through 1978. The cattle were grouped into classes based upon sex and age prior to any statistical procedures being performed. Means of classes were used in order to evaluate sex differences and bulls were found to be larger for all measurements. A comparison of the linear measurements and fat thickness of the old bulls with the corresponding measurements in the young bulls was utilized in a study of the maturity patterns present in the cattle. Also, coefficients of correlation were determined for all possible measurement combinations. The fat measurement was found to be less related to weight than either body length or body height. Wither height was the measurement most closely related to weight. Wither height measurement was used in an analysis of variance of year effect on frame size. There were highly significant differences in wither height that could be observed in the yearly means. The change in wither height was positive and consistent over the five years studied. The cattle did not increase in weight to the same degree that wither height changed and the changes in the fat measurements were inconsistent. However, the largest framed, leanest heifers occurred in 1978. The coefficients of correlation determined in this study support the use of linear measurements and fat measurement in addition to, or as a substitute for, weight in making selection decisions. Also, the regression equations developed help document the idea that it is possible to accurately predict weight through the use of skeletal measurements and fat thickness. The findings support the hypothesis that Angus cattle have become genetically larger framed over the past five years.

No description available.

Two experiments measured winter feed waste when cows were fed forage on snow. In the first experiment, feed waste was different (P<0.01) when alfalfa meadow brome mixed hay was fed by bale unroller or bale processor; waste was12.9% vs.19.2%, protein losses were 23.3% and 21.5% respectfully. Feed waste, nutrient replacement and additional equipment costs increased winter feeding costs by $52.50 and $56.25 per head respectfully for a 175 day feeding period. Hay processed into portable bunk feeders, experienced 0% feed waste. In the second experiment, feed waste when barley cereal silage fed either as high moisture round bale silage or chopped pit silage was fed on snow was not different (P>0.05) at 23.2% and 26.8% respectfully. When chopped barley cereal silage or high moisture round bale silage was fed into bunks, feed waste was 0%. Protein losses were 27.1% and 24.2% for the pit and round bale silage. Feed waste, nutrient replacement and additional equipment costs increased winter feeding costs by $164.50 for pit silage and $126.00 for bale silage over a 175 day feeding period. / Animal Science

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin -- La Crosse, 1983. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-70).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-206).